Author Year [ref] Design | Country | Participants sample size follow-up time | Measurement and operationalization of LIPA | Outcomes | Statistical analysis and effect size [95%CI] | Adjustment | Main findings | Quality score (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Loprinzi 2013 [29] CS | US | Older adults (42.8% women; mean age = 73.5 years) n = 708 | Accelerometry 100–2019 counts/min | Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) [Score of ≥ 9 indicating depression] | Logistic regression Per 60 min increase OR = 0.80 [0.67, 0.95] p = 0.01 | Age, gender, race-ethnicity, BMI, marital status, education, comorbidity index, physical functioning | LIPA was significantly associated with lower odds for depression. | 90.9 |
Varma et al. 2014 [30] CS | US | Older adults (76.5% women; mean age = 66.8 years) n = 187 | Step Watch Activity Monitor < 100 steps/min | Depressive symptoms (Geriatric Depression Scale) | Linear regression Per 1000 steps increase: β = -0.09 [-0.17, -0.01] Per 10 min increase: β = -0.02 [-0.05, -0.00] Number of bouts of 10 min activity): β = -0.04 [-0.07, -0.00] | Age, gender, race | Greater amount, frequency, and duration of LIPA were significantly associated with fewer depressive symptoms. | 68.2 |
Yasunaga et al. 2018 [31] CS | Japan | Older adults (38.0% women; mean age = 74.4 years) n = 276 | Accelerometry METs > 1.5 to < 3.0 | Depressive symptoms (Japanese version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale) | Linear regression Per 30 min increase β = -0.030 (-0.184, 0.124) Isotemporal substitution model β = -0.131 [-0.260, -0.002] | Gender, age, BMI, physical function, marital status, educational attainment, MVPA, sedentary behavior | LIPA (min/day) was not significantly associated with depression score Replacing 30 min per day of SB with the same amount of LIPA was significantly associated with lower depression score. | 95.5 |
Ku et al. 2018 [45] LG | Taiwan | Older adults (54.4%; mean age = 74.5 years) n = 274 2 years | Accelerometry 100–1951 counts/min | Depressive symptoms (15-item Geriatric Depression Scale) | Linear regression RR = 0.67 [0.51, 0.88], p = 0.004 | Sex, age, income source, drinking, number of diseases, insomnia, ADL difficulty, cognitive impairment, accelerometer wearing time, baseline depressive symptoms, MVPA | Participants who spent more time in LIPA had significantly fewer depressive symptoms at follow-up, independently of MVPA. | 95.5 |
Uemura et al. 2017 [46] LG | Japan | Older adults (49.1% female; mean age = 71.5 years) n = 3,106 15 months | Self-reported unvalidated questionnaire (dichotomous variable) | Depression (15-item Geriatric Depression Scale) [Score of ≥ 6 indicating presence of depressive symptoms] | Logistic regressions Light exercise OR = 0.74 [0.56, 0.98] Walking habits OR = 0.76 [0.57, 1.01] | Age, gender, education, current smoking status, alcohol consumption, living status, self‐rated health, Mini‐Mental State Examination, Short Physical Performance Battery, medications, Geriatric Depression Scale at baseline | Engagement in light physical exercise but not walking was associated with significantly lower risk of depressive symptoms. | 90.9 |
Ribeiro et al. 2017 [47] LG | US | Older African Americans (65.1% female; mean age = 66.1 years) n = 582 9 years | Self-reported Yale Physical Activity Survey | Depression (11-item version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies- Depression) | Logistic regression (Results not reported) | PA components (vigorous activity, leisure walking, moving, standing, and sitting), vegetable and fruit intake, age, gender, perceived income adequacy, years of formal education | Moving was not significantly associated with depression. | 84.4 |
Rethorst et al. 2017 [32] CS | US | Hispanic/Latino community (female 52.1%; mean age = 41.1 years) n = 11,116 | Accelerometry 100–1534 counts/min | Depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale 10) | Linear regression β = 0.117 [-0.003, 0.237] p = 0.055 Isotemporal substitution model β = 0.003 [-0.011, 0.113] p = 0.955 | Age, sex, Hispanic background group, BMI, household income level, education, recruitment site, physical health, general familial social support, acculturation, other PA intensities | LIPA (min/day) was not significantly associated with less depressive symptoms. Substitution of 1 h of SB with LIPA did not result in a significant decrease in depressive symptoms. | 95.5 |
Asztalos et al. 2010 [33] CS | Belgium | Healthy adults (50.5% women; age 25–64 years) n = 6,803 | Self-reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire [Dichotomized around 120 min/week] | Depression and anxiety (Symptom CheckList-90-Revised) [Mean score of ≥ 2 indicating depression or anxiety] | Logistic regression Men (depression) OR = 0.863 [0.631, 1.180] Men (anxiety) OR = 0.918 [0.644, 1.310] Women (depression) OR = 0.880 [0.700, 1.106] Women (anxiety) OR = 0.937 [0.723, 1.214] | Age, socioeconomic status | LIPA was not significantly associated with anxiety and depression in women and men. | 86.4 |
Dillon et al. 2018 [34] CS | Ireland | Adults (53.9% female; mean age = 59.6 years) n = 397 | Accelerometry dominant wrist = 191.8–281.5 counts/min non-dominant wrist = 159.5–261.8 counts/min | -Depression (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) -Anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) | Isotemporal substitution models Anxiety: β = − 0.34 [-0.64, -0.04] Depression: β = -0.63 [-1.51, 0.26] | Age, gender, season, marital status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, BMI status, education | Substituting 30 min of SB for LIPA per day was associated with a significant decrease in levels of anxiety but not depression. | 86.4 |
Poole et al. 2011 [35] CS | UK | Staff and student females (100% women; mean age = 28.7 years) n = 40 | Accelerometry 191–573 counts/min | Depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) | Pearson correlations r = -0.35 p < 0.05 | None | Accelerometry-measured LIPA (min/day) was significantly correlated with fewer depressive symptoms. | 54.5 |
Mourady et al. 2017 [36] CS | Lebanon | Healthy pregnant women (100% women; mean age = 30.5 years) n = 141 | Self-reported Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire | -Depression (Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale) | Spearman correlations Depression: r = -0.182. p = 0.031 | None | Light PA (MET-hrs/week) has a significant inverse correlation with depression. | 68.2 |
von Känel R et al. 2017 [37] CS | South Africa | Adults (52.2%women; mean age = 49.8 years) n = 203 | Actiheart > 1.5- < 3METs | Psychological distress (28-item General Health Questionnaire) | Partial correlations (Results not reported) | Age, gamma glutamyl transferase | Partial correlations did not show any associations between PA and psychological distress. | 63.6 |
Hamer M et al. 2014 [38] CS | UK | Adults (48.1–61.8% women; mean age = 48.3–50 years) n = 1,947 | Accelerometry 200–2019 counts/min in tertiles | Psychological distress (12-item version General Health Questionnaire) [Score of ≥ 4 indicating psychological distress] | Logistic regression Highest tertile vs lowest OR = 0.73 [0.48, 1.12] Middle vs lowest tertile OR = 0.56 [0.37, 0.84] | Age, sex, accelerometry wear time, smoking, alcohol, education, BMI, social occupational group employment long-standing illness (non-mental), MVPA | LIPA was significantly associated with lower odds for psychological distress, independently of MVPA (although the association was not linear). | 90.9 |
Sheikh et al. 2018 [48] LG | Norway | Adults (54% female, mean age = 47.0 years) n = 10,325 13 years | Self-reported. Unvalidated questionnaire [Categorical scale, none; less than 1; 1–2; 3 or more hrs/week] | Psychological distress (Hopkins symptom checklist, HSCL-10) [Score of ≥ 18.5 indicating psychological distress] | Regression analysis (ordinary least square and relative risk) β = 0.09 [-0.03, 0.22] RR = 1.03 [0.95, 1.11] | Age, gender, history of parental psychopathology, childhood socioeconomic status, marital status, daily smoking, number of friends, perceived social isolation, education, MVPA | LIPA did not confer significant protection against psychological distress at follow-up after adjusting for MVPA. | 90.9 |
Bernard et al. 2018 [39] CS | Canada | Adults (50.3% women; mean age = 44 years) n = 8,150 | Accelerometry 100 to 1534 counts/min | Overall mental health Single item question self-rated mental health | Generalized additive models LIPA = Estimate 7.2. f = 3. p = 0.003 LIPA + MVPA = Estimate 24.4. f = 3.6. p < 0.001 LIPA + SB = Estimate 21.6. f = 2.5. p < 0.001 | Age, sex, daily smoking, household income, education level, accelerometer wear time, season of accelerometer assessment, BMI, MVPA | A curvilinear relationship between daily mins of LIPA and mental health was found, with better mental health found in 400–550 average mins of daily LPA. | 90.9 |
Felez-Nobrega et al. 2020 [40] CS | Spain | College students (44% women; mean age = 20.8 years) n = 360 self-reported; n = 121 activPAL | Self-reported International Physical Activity Questionnaire [Tertile groups: T1 ≤ 3 h/week; T2 > 3 to ≤ 7 h/week; T3 > 7 h/week] Accelerometry %LIPAhrs/day based on time not spent standing, in MVPA or sedentary | -Perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale) -Anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) | Linear regression Self-reported LIPA: State anxiety: T2 vs T1 B = -1.70 [-5, 1.97]; T3 vs T1 B = -2.24 [-5.52, 0,86] Trait anxiety: T2 vs T1 B = -1,49 [-3.66, 0.90]; T3 vs T1 B = -1.47 [-3.51, 0.82] Perceived stress: T2 vs T1 B = -1.59 [-3.62, 0.46]; T3 vs T1 B = -2.07 [-3.90, -0.06] Partial correlation activPAL LIPA weekday; weekend day: State anxiety: r = 0.10, p = 0.69; r = -0.07, p = 0.51 Trait anxiety: r = -0.04, p = 0.64; r = -0.06, p = 0.54 Perceived stress: r = 0.04, p = 0.69; r = 0.07, p = 0.43 | Age, gender | Self-reported LIPA was significantly associated with lower perceived stress but not with state-trait anxiety. No significant associations were found for device-based measures of LIPA (activPAL) with any of the mental health outcomes. | 81.8 |
Tao et al. 2019 [41] CS | China | College students (52.3% women; mean age = 20.3 years) n = 220 | Accelerometry Steps rate (steps/min) 20–99 | Anxiety and depression (24-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) | Pearson correlations Anxiety r = -0.023 (N.S) Depression r = 0.011 (N.S) | None | LIPA (min/day) was not significantly correlated with anxiety or depression. | 72.7 |
Lee et al. 2013 [42] CS | Hong Kong | Non exercising healthy adolescents and adults (59.7% women; mean age = 46.2 years) n = 2,417 | Accelerometry 101–1951 counts/min | Depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9) [Score of ≥ 5 indicating depression (mild)] | Difference in mean z scores among those with and without depression -0.10 [-0.20, 0.01] | Age, sex | LIPA (min/day) was not significantly associated with depression. | 95.5 |
Costigan et al. 2019 [43] CS | Australia | Healthy adolescents (44.9% girls; mean age = 12.9 years) n = 1,223 | Accelerometry 101–2295 counts/min | Negative affect (the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for children) | Quantile regressions Standardized β = 0.010, p = 0.837 | Sex, BMI, ethnicity, wear time, other physical activity intensities | No significant associations between LIPA and negative affect were found. | 95.5 |
Kandola et al. 2020 [49] LG | UK | Healthy adolescents (56.1% girls; mean age 12 years) n = 4,257 6 years | Accelerometry 200–3599 counts/min | Depression Computerized Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised for depression at 18 years of age -The Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire for depression at age 12, 14, and 16 | Negative binomial regression models and by group-based trajectory modelling Increasing LIPA at age 12 (IRR = 0.904, [0.850, 0.961], p = 0.0012). Similar estimates were found for the other age groups | Sex, ethnicity, maternal social class, baseline depression, IQ, parental psychiatric history, parental education, total accelerometer wear time | At all timepoints, each 60 min/day increase in LIPA was significantly associated with a lower depression score at 18 years of age: 9.6% for LIPA at 12 years, 7.8% at 14 years, and 11.1% at 16 years of age. Lower depression scores were identified in participants with persistently high levels of LIPA. | 100 |
Parfitt et al. 2009 [44] CS | UK | Healthy primary school children (59.6% girls; age 9–10 years) n = 57 | Accelerometry Very LIPA = 100–470.1 counts/min LIPA = 470.1–976.8 counts/min | -Depression (Child Depression Inventory) -Anxiety (State-trait inventory for children) | Pearson correlations Very LIPA and anxiety r = 0.331. p < 0.05 Very LIPA and depression r = 0.282. p < 0.05 LIPA and anxiety r = 0.173. p = N.S LIPA and depression r = 0.202. p = N.S | Very light PA adjusted for percent body fat Correlations for LIPA not adjusted | Very LIPA (min/day) was significantly correlated with higher measures of anxiety and depression. No significant correlations were found for LIPA. | 81.8 |
Ahn et al. 2018 [50] LG | UK | Children (61.3% female, mean age 11 years) n = 6,153 2 years | Accelerometry 100–2240 counts/min | Emotional symptoms (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) | Linear regression Boys: β = -0.039 [-0.106, 0.028] Girls: β = -0.026 [-0.094, 0.041] | Age, season, total difficulties at age 7, limiting illness, special education needs, weight status, self-esteem, ethnicity, income, siblings, family structure, maternal education, maternal depression, maternal employment, British Ability Scale pattern construction, British Ability Scale word reading | LIPA was not significantly related to emotional symptoms at follow-up. | 95.5 |