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Table 2 Comparison between cases of different severity of COVID-19

From: Cardiorespiratory fitness and lifestyle on severe COVID-19 risk in 279,455 adults: a case control study

 

Hospitalization

N = 547

Intensive care

N = 172

Death

N = 138

P-value

EstVO2max, L/min

2.54 (0.03)

2.57 (0.05)

2.48 (0.07)

0.511

EstVO2max, ml/min/kg

31.1 (0.39)

30.7 (0.69)

28.6 (0.84)

0.032

 Very low, < 25 ml/min/kg

97 (21%)

37 (27%)

32 (33%)

0.035

 Low, 25- < 32 ml/min/kg

166 (36%)

45 (33%)

40 (42%)

 

 Moderate, 32- < 46 ml/min/kg

171 (38%)

49 (36%)

23 (24%)

 

 High, ≥ 46 ml/min/kg

22 (4.8%)

5 (3.7%)

1 (1.0%)

 

BMI, kg/m2

27.9 (0.21)

29.2 (0.37)

29.1 (0.42)

0.002

 Normal weight, < 25 kg/m2

129 (24%)

27 (16%)

30 (22%)

0.034

Overweight, 25–29.9 kg/m2

252 (48%)

69 (41%)

63 (46%)

 

 Obesity, 30–34.9 kg/m2

107 (20%)

52 (31%)

33 (24%)

 

 Severe obesity ≥ 35 kg/m2

42 (7.9%)

19 (11%)

10 (7.4%)

 

Waist Circumference, cm

97.0 (1.00)

100.6 (1.64)

99.7 (2.26)

0.105

  ≥ 88 cm (W) ≥ 102 cm (M)

71 (52%)

30 (60%)

17 (65%)

0.36

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

130 (0.8)

131 (1.4)

133 (1.4)

0.243

  > 140 mmHg

105 (26%)

39 (31%)

56 (46%)

 

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

80 (0.5)

82 (0.9)a

80 (1.0)

0.109

  > 90 mmHg

88 (22%)

38 (30%)

23 (19%)

 

Previous chronic disease

 Tumour

64 (12%)

20 (12%)

40 (29%)

 < 0.001

 Diabetes

27 (4.9%)

13 (7.6%)

30 (22%)

 < 0.001

 Hypertension

93 (17%)

30 (17%)

57 (41%)

 < 0.001

 Lung disease

36 (6.6%)

11 (6.4%)

20 (14%)

0.006

 Cardiovascular disease

71 (13%)

23 (13%)

49 (36%)

 < 0.001

Number of previous chronic diseases

 0

371 (68%)

111 (65%)

47 (34%)

 < 0.001

 1

94 (17%)

34 (20%)

31 (22%)

 

 2

54 (9.9%)

20 (12%)

27 (20%)

 

 3

23 (4.2%)

5 (2.9%)

22 (16%)

 

 4

5 (0.9%)

2 (1.2%)

10 (7.2%)

 

 5

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

1 (0.7%)

 

Exercise habits

 Never/irregular

181 (36%)

67 (43%)

45 (36%)

0.71

 1–2 times/week

157 (32%)

49 (31%)

48 (38%)

 

  ≥ 3 times/week

159 (32%)

41 (26%)

32 (26%)

 

Commute type

 Passive

212 (63%)

67 (59%)

77 (65%)

0.91

 Low dose (< 20 min/day)

78 (23%)

30 (26%)

23 (19%)

 

 High dose (≥ 20 min/day)

47 (14%)

17 (15%)

19 (16%)

 

Physical Work Situation

 Mostly seated

197 (55%)

65 (54%)

66 (59%)

0.94

 Light activity

102 (28%)

33 (27%)

29 (26%)

 

 Moderate/heavy activity

61 (17%)

23 (19%)

16 (14%)

 

Diet habits, Very poor/poor

23 (5.7%)

10 (7.5%)

9 (7.4%)

0.91

Alcohol habits, Very poor/poor

15 (4.5%)

4 (3.5%)

2 (1.7%)

0.71

Daily smoker

25 (6.2%)

4 (3.0%)

23 (19%)

 < 0.001

Stress Overall, Very often/often

56 (14%)

17 (13%)

11 (9.1%)

0.71

Perceived Health, Very poor/poor

31 (7.7%)

11 (8.2%)

12 (9.9%)

0.91

Civil status, Married/co-habitat

308 (56%)

95 (55%)

77 (56%)

0.96

Country of birth, Sweden

424 (78%)

141 (82%)

121 (88%)

0.13

Educational level

 University

117 (22%)

28 (16%)

17 (12%)

0.23

 High school/Voc. Education

335 (62%)

112 (65%)

88 (64%)

 

 Elementary school

91 (17%)

32 (19%)

33 (24%)

 

Occupation group

 White collar High skilled

260 (50%)

71 (43%)

65 (49%)

0.71

 White collar Low skilled

100 (19%)

36 (22%)

33 (25%)

 

 Blue collar High skilled

80 (16%)

24 (15%)

20 (15%)

 

 Blue collar Low skilled

76 (15%)

33 (20%)

15 (11%)

 

Income, thousands Swedish crowns

380 (11)

382 (20)

356 (23)

0.62

  1. Data presented as mean (SE) or n (%)
  2. EstVO2max Estimated VO2max, BMI Body Mass Index
  3. Mean values adjusted for sex, age and performed year