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Table 1 Descriptive statistics of responses

From: Associations of neighborhood built, safety, and social environment with walking to and from school among elementary school-aged children in Chiba, Japan

Categorical variables

Category

n

%

Socio-demographic characteristics:

 Child school grade

Grade 1

290

19.4%

Grade 2

292

19.5%

Grade 3

244

16.3%

Grade 4

230

15.4%

Grade 5

229

15.3%

Grade 6

212

14.2%

 Child’s sex

Boy

765

51.1%

Girl

732

48.9%

 Number of household cars owned

0

141

9.4%

1

1005

67.1%

≥ 2

351

23.4%

School travel mode:

 Number of days NOT walking per month (to school)

0(“Everyday walkers”)

1227

82.0%

1–2(“Frequent walkers”)

102

6.8%

3–5(“Frequent walkers”)

57

3.8%

6–10(“Frequent walkers”)

19

1.3%

> 10(“Less frequent walkers”)

92

6.1%

 Number of days NOT walking per month (from school)

0(“Everyday walkers”)

1196

79.9%

1–2(“Frequent walkers”)

80

5.3%

3–5(“Frequent walkers”)

73

4.9%

6–10(“Frequent walkers”)

31

2.1%

> 10(“Less frequent walkers”)

117

7.8%

Safety:

 Safety volunteer (to school)

Yes

1202

80.3%

No

199

13.3%

Not sure

96

6.4%

 Safety volunteer (from school)

Yes

808

54.0%

No

487

32.5%

Not sure

202

13.5%

 CCTV on school way

Yes

290

19.4%

No

689

46.0%

Not sure

518

34.6%

 Walking over 100 m alone

Yes

737

49.2%

No

657

43.9%

Not sure

103

6.9%

Parent-perceived influence of COVID-19 on school commuting:

Yes

95

6.3%

No

1374

91.8%

Not sure

28

1.9%

After-school activity (days):

0

1151

76.9%

1

133

8.9%

2

103

6.9%

3

51

3.4%

4

26

1.7%

5

33

2.2%

Continuous variables

 

Mean

SD

Built environmentsa:

  Neighborhood walkability

   

  Walking facilities

 

2.35

0.72

  Aesthetics

 

2.28

0.67

  Traffic safety

 

2.46

0.40

  Crime safety

 

2.68

0.57

  Distance to school (m)

 

564.50

401.04

  Population density (per km2)

 

103.82

79.56

Social environmentsa:

  Neighborhood cohesion

 

2.97

0.45

  Neighborhood connection

 

3.17

0.79

  1. CCTV, closed-circuit television; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SD, standard deviation
  2. aDistance to school and population density were objectively measured, and the other built and social environment variables were self-reported