Table 2 Mean and standard deviation of neighborhood environmental variables and their differences between new towns and non-new towns

n

152

1345

 Neighborhood walkability

  Walking facilities

2.99 (0.60)

2.28 (0.69)

< 0.001

  Aesthetics

2.87 (0.62)

2.22 (0.65)

< 0.001

  Traffic safety

2.68 (0.36)

2.44 (0.39)

< 0.001

  Crime safety

2.81 (0.60)

2.67 (0.57)

0.004

 Distance to school (m)

433.52 (286.77)

579.3 (409.42)

< 0.001

 Population density (per km²)

109.39 (59.56)

103.19 (81.51)

0.246

 Neighborhood cohesion

2.97 (0.43)

2.97 (0.45)

0.937

 Neighborhood connection

3.11 (0.87)

3.18 (0.78)

0.337