Table 1 Summary of inclusion and exclusion criteria

P

Populations/participants

Adults and/or children who use AI chatbots for PA, diet, and/or weight management

None

I

Interventions

Constrained^a and/or unconstrained^b text and/or speech-based AI chatbots operating as standalone software or via a web browser or mobile application

Chatbots that are part of virtual reality, augmented reality, embodied agents, and/or therapeutic robots

C

Comparators

With or without a usual care group^c, comparison group, or an attention control group

None

O

Outcome(s)

Main outcomes: Changes in self-reported and/or objectively measured PA, sedentary behavior, diet, and/or body weight

Secondary outcomes: Feasibility, acceptability, safety (e.g., adverse events, injury), and/or user satisfaction of chatbots if available

Studies that report only chatbot infrastructure or algorithm designs

S

Study designs/types

Randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies

Qualitative studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, or cohort studies