‘Finishing the race’ – a cohort study of weight and blood glucose change among the first 36,000 patients in a large-scale diabetes prevention programme

Marsden, Antonia M.; Bower, Peter; Howarth, Elizabeth; Soiland-Reyes, Claudia; Sutton, Matt; Cotterill, Sarah

doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01249-5

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 3 Associations of patient and service characteristics with change in HbA1c and weight at 6 months

From: ‘Finishing the race’ – a cohort study of weight and blood glucose change among the first 36,000 patients in a large-scale diabetes prevention programme

	Change in HbA1c IA-6 m			Change in weight (kg) IA-6 m
	Coef	SE	95% CI	Coef	SE	95% CI
Sex^a
Female	0.19	0.06	0.08, 0.31	0.66	0.06	0.55, 0.78
Male	0 (ref)			0 (ref)
Age^a per 5 years	0.002	0.02	−0.03, 0.04	0.02	0.02	− 0.01, 0.05
Ethnicity^ab
Asian	0.21	0.14	−0.06, 0.49	1.44	0.12	1.21, 1.68
Black	0.21	0.17	−0.12, 0.55	1.04	0.13	0.77, 1.30
Other	−0.20	0.19	−0.58, 0.18	0.49	0.17	0.15, 0.83
White	0 (ref)			0 (ref)
Deprivation^cd
1 (most deprived)	0.25	0.10	0.05, 0.45	0.01	0.10	−0.18, 0.20
2	−0.07	0.09	−0.24, 0.11	− 0.21	0.08	− 0.37, − 0.06
3	0.04	0.09	−0.13, 0.20	− 0.11	0.08	− 0.27, 0.04
4	0.06	0.08	−0.09, 0.22	−0.17	0.08	−0.32, − 0.02
5 (least deprived)	0 (ref)			0 (ref)
Disability^cd
Yes	0.14	0.08	−0.02, 0.31	0.18	0.08	0.02, 0.34
No	0 (ref)			0 (ref)
Employment^cd
Employed	−0.17	0.10	−0.37, 0.04	0.43	0.08	0.27,0.59
Retired	0 (ref)			0 (ref)
Other	− 0.15	0.13	−0.41, 0.12	0.42	0.13	0.16, 0.69
Smoking^cd
Ex- or current smoker	0.56	0.16	0.25, 0.87	0.47	0.14	0.19, 0.75
Non-smoker	0 (ref)			0 (ref)
IA weight (per 5 kg)^de	−0.04	0.01	−0.06, − 0.02	n/a	n/a	n/a
IA HbA1c (per mmol/mol)^de	n/a	n/a	n/a	−0.09	0.01	−0.10, − 0.07
IA WEMWBS (per 5 points) ^df	− 0.02	0.02	− 0.06, 0.02	− 0.03	0.02	− 0.07, 0.01
IA EQVAS (per 5 points) ^df	0.02	0.01	−0.01,0.05	0.02	0.01	−0.01, 0.04
Provider^dg
A	−1.17	0.20	−1.56, − 0.77	−0.49	0.16	−0.80, − 0.18
B	0 (ref)			0 (ref)
C	−1.33	0.21	−1.75, − 0.91	−0.53	0.17	−0.87, − 0.19
D	0.02	0.25	−0.48, 0.52	−0.51	0.18	− 0.87, − 0.16
Referral source^dg
Letter	0.08	0.08	−0.08, 0.24	0.10	0.08	−0.05, 0.25
Consultation	0 (ref)			0 (ref)
Out-of-hours provision^dg
Some	0.01	0.08	−0.16, 0.17	0.32	0.08	0.17, 0.46
None	0 (ref)			0 (ref)
\({\hat{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}}_{\boldsymbol{STP}}^{\mathbf{2}}+{\hat{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}}_{\boldsymbol{CCG}}^{\mathbf{2}}\)	0.40			0.14
ICC (CCG level)	0.02			0.01

For categorical variables, ‘coef’ represents the adjusted difference in mean change in relation to the reference category. For numerical variables, ‘coef’ represents the adjusted difference in mean change between consecutive values. Change is calculated as the 6 month value minus the baseline value
^a Associations of sex, age and ethnicity with each outcome were mutually adjusted and marginal over site (no random terms)
^b ‘Asian’ comprises those reporting Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese or ‘other Asian’ ethnicity; ‘Black’ comprises those reporting Caribbean, African or ‘other Black’ ethnicity; ‘Mixed’ comprises people with a Mixed ethnic background and ‘Other’ comprises those reporting any other ethnicity
^c Associations of disability, employment, deprivation and smoking with each outcome were mutually adjusted and adjusted for sex, age and ethnicity
^d Random intercept terms for STP & CCG included; associations are conditional, representing the estimated individual-level mean association after random variation between sites has been accounted for
^e Association of initial weight with change in HbA1c, and of initial HbA1c with change in weight, was adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, employment, disability, deprivation and smoking
^f Association of WEMWBS score or EQVAS score with change in HbA1c [weight] was adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, employment, disability, deprivation, smoking and initial weight [HbA1c]
^g Associations of service features with change in HbA1c [weight] were mutually adjusted and adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation, smoking, initial weight [HbA1c] and service maturity

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ISSN: 1479-5868

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