Table 2 Use of individual food-related parenting practices and overarching feeding domains across all reported meals and snacks within a sample of racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse 2–5 year old children
High Level Feeding Domain | Individual items from the Real-Time Parent Feeding Practices Survey Thinking about this meal or snack, did you … . | Meals/snacks where behavior was endorsed % of total meals (N meals) |
|---|---|---|
Use of any food parenting practice from the structure domain | 88.85% (3005) | |
sit and eat with your child | 76.29% (2580) | |
choose where your child ate the meal or snack | 61.89% (2093) | |
choose what foods your child got to eat | 44.47% (1504) | |
closely monitor the type and amount of food eaten by your child | 41.13% (1391) | |
allow your child to choose what to eat, from several options you had already picked out | 27.38% (926) | |
Use of any food parenting practice from the autonomy support domain | 87.29% (2952) | |
involve your child in deciding what foods they would eat | 65.70% (2222) | |
allow your child to take seconds if they asked for them | 65.23% (2206) | |
teach your child about why you wanted them to eat more of certain foods | 23.86% (807) | |
teach your child about why you wanted them to eat less of certain foods | 19.69% (666) | |
tell your child you wanted them to eat more of certain foods | 19.66% (665) | |
encourage your child to try at least a small amount of all foods offered | 19.31% (653) | |
negotiate with your child about how much food they needed to eat | 14.84% (502) | |
negotiate with your child about what foods they needed to eat | 12.60% (426) | |
tell your child you wanted them to eat less of certain foods | 11.47% (388) | |
Use of any food parenting practice from the coercive control domain | 28.86% (976) | |
have to encourage your child to eat more food than they wanted to | 17.27% (584) | |
offer your child a treat or reward for eating more | 10.35% (350) | |
have to make sure your child did not eat too much food | 10.17% (344) | |
offer your child a treat or reward for trying a new food | 9.91% (335) | |
trick or bribe your child into eating more than they wanted to | 8.22% (278) | |
Use of any food parenting practice from the indulgent domain | 27.56% (932) | |
choose to prepare separate food that knew your child would enjoy eating | 16.20% (548) | |
allow your child to choose a separate meal or different food because they did not want to eat what was offered | 14.99% (507) | |
give your child food in order to calm them down or help manage their behavior | 7.57% (256) |