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Table 3 Potential behaviours and mechanisms of compensation

From: Exploring activity compensation amongst youth and adults: a systematic review

Author(s)/Study date

Behaviour method and type

Number of behaviours or topics

Behaviours Assessed/Reported Mechanisms

Included in quantitative comp analysis

Comp reported in behaviours

Clemes et al. [62]

Activity diary

5

Sitting in transport, sitting at work, sitting after work, total sitting time on workdays/non-workdays

Yes

No

Costigan et al. [63]

Survey, perceptions of compensation

1

Perceptions of compensation following activity intervention- 12.9% agreed that they were tired and did not want to participate in PE following a HIIT session, 13% agreed that participating in HIIT sessions made them less active in school breaks, and 19.4% agreed that participating in HIIT made them less active after school

N/A

No

Fremeaux et al. [64]

Activity diary

1

Daily activities (type, duration and time)

No

Yes

Gray et al. [74]

Qualitative interviews

9

Mechanisms of compensation (fatigue, drive to be inactive, time, fear of overexertion, motivation), implications (detracts from health benefits, does not detract from health benefits) and awareness of compensation (aware/unaware)

N/A

Yes

Goodman et al. [65]

Survey; cross checked with accelerometer

26

MVPA in own home, friend’s home, other home, school lessons, PE/games, clubs and tuition, non-home events, passive travel, school active travel, non-school active travel, structured sport, out of home play, other)

Yes

No

Jans et al. [66]

Survey

5

Total sitting time, sitting time at work, sitting travel to and from work, sitting housework

No

No

Matthews et al. [67]

Survey

17

Time spent sedentary and active time during personal care, leisure, work, transportation, shop/errands, other

Yes

No

McCormack et al. [68]

Survey

3

Transport walking, recreation walking

Yes

No

Nooijen et al. [69]

Survey/mechanism of compensation

2

Leisure time exercise, occupational PA

N/A

Yes

Radtke et al. [73]

Survey/mechanisms of compensation

1

Stair use and sedentary time

N/A

Yes

Siddique et al. [70]

Self-report; not described

1

Leisure time screen-time

No

No

Tanaka et al. [71]

Questionnaire

3

Time spent in each intensity while viewing TV and video, playing electronic games, and total screen time

Yes

Yes

Wilkin et al. [72]

Not clear

2

Transport to school, TV/video games

Yes

Yes

  1. Abbreviations: PE Physical education, HIIT High intensity interval training, MVPA Moderate-to vigorous physical activity, PA Physical activity