Fig. 1

Associations of deviation from adolescent’s mean sleep duration (A), sleep onset (B), and sleep midpoint (C) (each in hours) and probability of next-day breakfast consumption (within-person associations) in three separate mixed models. Sleep duration model includes both linear (sleep duration) and quadratic (sleep duration²) effects (only the significant quadratic effect is depicted). Sleep onset and sleep midpoint models adjust for sleep duration (linear and quadratic, sleep duration²). The mean number of valid actigraphy nights was 5.6 ± 1.4 (range: 3–9; IQR 5–7) and the mean number of breakfast reports was 5.5 ± 1.4 (range: 3–9; IQR 4–7) per adolescent. All models adjust for demographic/household covariates: school day, boredom, loneliness, happiness, birth sex, race/ethnicity, household income, body mass index percentile, and depressive symptoms. Shaded bands depict 95% confidence interval of probability of breakfast consumption predicted from each sleep measure