From: Development of an objectively measured walkability index for the Netherlands
Quintiles of walkability | 1 (lowest) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (highest) | Overall |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of respondents | 3120 | 3203 | 3238 | 3275 | 3219 | 16,055 |
Female | 1616 (51.8%) | 1687 (52.7%) | 1697 (52.4%) | 1721 (52.5%) | 1706 (53.0%) | 8427 (52.5%) |
Age group | ||||||
 18–35 | 944 (30.3%) | 933 (29.1%) | 938 (29.0%) | 1048 (32.0%) | 1345 (41.8%) | 5208 (32.4%) |
 36–49 | 905 (29.0%) | 1001 (31.3%) | 1027 (31.7%) | 1070 (32.7%) | 940 (29.2%) | 4943 (30.8%) |
 50–65 | 1271 (40.7%) | 1269 (39.6%) | 1273 (39.3%) | 1157 (35.3%) | 934 (29.0%) | 5904 (36.8%) |
Ethnic background | ||||||
 Native Dutch | 2909 (93.2%) | 2818 (88.0%) | 2716 (83.9%) | 2564 (78.3%) | 2314 (71.9%) | 13,321 (83.0%) |
 Other Western | 154 (4.9%) | 234 (7.3%) | 292 (9.0%) | 306 (9.3%) | 359 (11.2%) | 1345 (8.4%) |
 Non-Western | 57 (1.8%) | 151 (4.7%) | 230 (7.1%) | 405 (12.4%) | 546 (17.0%) | 1389 (8.7%) |
Highest education obtained | ||||||
 Low | 86 (2.8%) | 64 (2.0%) | 112 (3.5%) | 117 (3.6%) | 129 (4.0%) | 508 (3.2%) |
 Medium | 1940 (62.2%) | 1942 (60.6%) | 1813 (56.0%) | 1853 (56.6%) | 1508 (46.8%) | 9056 (56.4%) |
 High | 1094 (35.1%) | 1197 (37.4%) | 1313 (40.5%) | 1305 (39.8%) | 1582 (49.1%) | 6491 (40.4%) |
Work status | ||||||
 Work part-time | 727 (23.3%) | 818 (25.5%) | 672 (20.8%) | 670 (20.5%) | 534 (16.6%) | 3421 (21.3%) |
 Work fulltime | 1697 (54.4%) | 1695 (52.9%) | 1795 (55.4%) | 1805 (55.1%) | 1813 (56.3%) | 8805 (54.8%) |
 Student | 213 (6.8%) | 192 (6.0%) | 247 (7.6%) | 274 (8.4%) | 332 (10.3%) | 1258 (7.8%) |
 Not working | 483 (15.5%) | 498 (15.5%) | 524 (16.2%) | 526 (16.1%) | 540 (16.8%) | 2571 (16.0%) |
Standardized household income | ||||||
 Low | 365 (11.7%) | 461 (14.4%) | 540 (16.7%) | 657 (20.1%) | 856 (26.6%) | 2879 (17.9%) |
 Medium | 992 (31.8%) | 1051 (32.8%) | 1009 (31.2%) | 1056 (32.2%) | 939 (29.2%) | 5047 (31.4%) |
 High | 1763 (56.5%) | 1691 (52.8%) | 1689 (52.2%) | 1562 (47.7%) | 1424 (44.2%) | 8129 (50.6%) |
Household car ownership | ||||||
 No car | 89 (2.9%) | 159 (5.0%) | 311 (9.6%) | 405 (12.4%) | 927 (28.8%) | 1891 (11.8%) |
 One car | 1063 (34.1%) | 1401 (43.7%) | 1524 (47.1%) | 1701 (51.9%) | 1607 (49.9%) | 7296 (45.4%) |
 Two or more cars | 1968 (63.1%) | 1643 (51.3%) | 1403 (43.3%) | 1169 (35.7%) | 685 (21.3%) | 6868 (42.8%) |
Household situation | ||||||
 Single-person household | 278 (8.9%) | 390 (12.2%) | 477 (14.7%) | 552 (16.9%) | 906 (28.1%) | 2603 (16.2%) |
 Couple without children | 914 (29.3%) | 860 (26.8%) | 821 (25.4%) | 819 (25.0%) | 824 (25.6%) | 4238 (26.4%) |
 Couple with children | 1760 (56.4%) | 1701 (53.1%) | 1656 (51.1%) | 1580 (48.2%) | 1100 (34.2%) | 7797 (48.6%) |
 Single parent with children | 136 (4.4%) | 225 (7.0%) | 245 (7.6%) | 258 (7.9%) | 232 (7.2%) | 1096 (6.8%) |
 Other compositions | 32 (1.0%) | 27 (0.8%) | 39 (1.2%) | 66 (2.0%) | 157 (4.9%) | 321 (2.0%) |
Season | ||||||
 Spring | 846 (27.1%) | 845 (26.4%) | 824 (25.4%) | 825 (25.2%) | 835 (25.9%) | 4175 (26.0%) |
 Summer | 906 (29.0%) | 914 (28.5%) | 945 (29.2%) | 927 (28.3%) | 860 (26.7%) | 4552 (28.4%) |
 Autumn | 692 (22.2%) | 712 (22.2%) | 729 (22.5%) | 734 (22.4%) | 733 (22.8%) | 3600 (22.4%) |
 Winter | 676 (21.7%) | 732 (22.9%) | 740 (22.9%) | 789 (24.1%) | 791 (24.6%) | 3728 (23.2%) |
Urbanization degree | ||||||
 > 2500 addresses/km2 | 63 (2.0%) | 224 (7.0%) | 387 (12.0%) | 980 (29.9%) | 2050 (63.7%) | 3704 (23.1%) |
 1000–2500 | 952 (30.5%) | 1514 (47.3%) | 2171 (67.0%) | 2025 (61.8%) | 1079 (33.5%) | 7741 (48.2%) |
 < 1000 | 2105 (67.5%) | 1465 (45.7%) | 680 (21.0%) | 270 (8.2%) | 90 (2.8%) | 4610 (28.7%) |
 Day of the week: Weekend | 805 (25.8%) | 818 (25.5%) | 832 (25.7%) | 841 (25.7%) | 850 (26.4%) | 4146 (25.8%) |
Response type | ||||||
 Internet | 1220 (39.1%) | 1249 (39.0%) | 1202 (37.1%) | 1242 (37.9%) | 1192 (37.0%) | 6105 (38.0%) |
 Telephone | 1164 (37.3%) | 1129 (35.2%) | 1132 (35.0%) | 1051 (32.1%) | 836 (26.0%) | 5312 (33.1%) |
 Face-to-face | 736 (23.6%) | 825 (25.8%) | 904 (27.9%) | 982 (30.0%) | 1191 (37.0%) | 4638 (28.9%) |
Respondents also bike on the same day | ||||||
 Yes | 599 (19.2%) | 786 (24.5%) | 825 (25.5%) | 866 (26.4%) | 1016 (31.6%) | 4092 (25.5%) |
Neighbourhood socioeconomic status score | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 0.126 (0.864) | 0.0447 (1.03) | 0.0435 (1.13) | −0.151 (1.24) | −0.283 (1.31) | −0.0453 (1.14) |
 Median [IQR] | 0.180 [0.950] | 0.100 [1.27] | 0.160 [1.46] | 0.0600 [1.65] | −0.190 [1.69] | 0.0900 [1.38] |
Total time spent walking, minutes per day | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 6.04 (20.3) | 7.81 (21.2) | 8.49 (22.5) | 8.93 (23.4) | 12.2 (33.2) | 8.72 (24.6) |
 Median [IQR] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [7.00] | 0 [13.0] | 0 [4.00] |
Total distance walked, meters per day | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 543 (1830) | 690 (1910) | 709 (1910) | 795 (2020) | 975 (2280) | 744 (2000) |
 Median [IQR] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [500] | 0 [1000] | 0 [400] |
Discretionary walk time (minutes) per day | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 5.07 (19.4) | 6.44 (20.3) | 7.04 (21.4) | 6.90 (22.1) | 8.78 (25.9) | 6.86 (22.0) |
 Median [IQR] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [5.00] | 0 [0] |
Non-discretionary walk time (minutes) per day | ||||||
 Mean (SD) | 0.969 (5.92) | 1.37 (6.65) | 1.45 (7.23) | 2.03 (8.52) | 3.45 (21.5) | 1.86 (11.6) |
 Median [IQR] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] | 0 [0] |