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Table 1 Characteristics of respondents in the International Food Policy Study (weighted), 2017, 2018 and 2019 (N = 48,924)

From: Tax awareness and perceived cost of sugar-sweetened beverages in four countries between 2017 and 2019: findings from the international food policy study

 

Total

N = 48,924

Australia

N = 11,588

Mexico

N = 11,610

UK

N = 12,945

US

N= 12,781

 

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

% (n)

Year

 2017

32.3 (15,802)

31.0 (3,595)

32.3 (3,751)

29.4 (3,805)

36.4 (4,651)

 2018

35.5 (17,347)

34.0 (3,939)

33.3 (3,869)

40.5 (5,239)

33.6 (4,301)

 2019

32.2 (15,775)

35.0 (4,054)

34.4 (3,990)

30.1 (3,901)

30.0 (3,829)

Age

 18–29 years

23.7 (11,615)

22.6 (2,618)

30.4 (3,533)

20.2 (2,612)

22.3 (2,852)

 30–44 years

28.6 (13,994)

28.6 (3,319)

33.1 (3,838)

26.8 (3,467)

26.4 (3,369)

 45–64 years

36.8 (17,983)

36.8 (4,259)

33.7 (3,912)

36.7 (4,751)

39.6 (5,061)

 ≥ 65 years

10.9 (5,332)

12.0 (1,392)

2.8 (326)

16.3 (2,115)

11.7 (1,500)

Sex

 Female

51.3 (25,105)

50.8 (5,890)

52.2 (6,061)

51.3 (6,644)

50.9 (6,510)

 Male

48.7 (23,819)

49.2 (5,698)

47.8 (5,549)

48.7 (6,301)

49.1 (6,271)

Ethnicity a

 Majority group

80.4 (39,345)

77.7 (9,003)

82.1 (9,530)

89.5 (11,591)

72.2 (9,222)

 Minority group

19.6 (9,579)

22.3 (2,586)

17.9 (2,080)

10.5 (1,355)

27.8 (3,559)

Education level b

 Low

36.1 (17,669)

37.0 (4,292)

19.3 (2,235)

42.3 (5,479)

44.3 (5,663)

 Medium

20.8 (10,192)

33.4 (3,874)

12.9 (1,494)

24.0 (3,112)

13.4 (1,713)

 High

43.1 (21,063)

29.5 (3,423)

67.9 (7,881)

33.6 (4,354)

42.3 (5,405)

BMI

 < 18.5

3.0 (1,462)

3.2 (370)

2.3 (272)

3.1 (400)

3.3 (420)

 18.5–24.9

36.0 (17,612)

36.4 (4,213)

40.9 (4,743)

34.0 (4,397)

33.3 (4,258)

 25.0–29.9

29.1 (14,219)

27.0 (3,134)

33.4 (3,879)

26.1 (3,380)

29.9 (3,825)

 ≥ 30.0

20.0 (9,776)

20.8 (2,414)

16.5 (1,914)

16.4 (2,119)

26.0 (3,329)

 Missing

12.0 (5,855)

12.6 (1,457)

6.9 (802)

20.5 (2,648)

7.4 (949)

Income adequacy c

 High

69.9 (34,207)

72.4 (8,390)

57.5 (6,675)

75.1 (9,728)

73.7 (9,413)

 Low

30.1 (14,717)

27.6 (3,198)

42.5 (4,934)

24.9 (3,218)

26.3 (3,367)

SSB healthfulness perceptions d

 Healthy

10.3 (5,020)

6.0 (690)

16.6 (1,932)

7.3 (942)

11.4 (1,457)

 Unhealthy

89.7 (43,904)

94.0 (10,899)

83.4 (9,678)

92.7 (12,003)

88.6 (11,324)

US city tax status e

 Non-tax city

    

98.9 (8,041)

 SSB tax city

    

1.1 (89)

  1. UK United Kingdom, US United States, BMI body mass index, SSB sugar sweetened beverage
  2. a Ethnicity categories as per census questions asked in each country: 1) Australia majority = only speaks English at home, minority = speaks a language besides English at home; 2) Canada majority = White, minority = other ethnicity; 3) Mexico majority = Non-indigenous, minority = indigenous; 4) United Kingdom majority = White, minority = other ethnicity; 5) US majority = White, minority = other ethnicity
  3. b Participants were asked, “What is the highest level of formal education that you have completed?” Responses were categorized as ‘low’ (completed secondary school or less), ‘medium’ (some post-secondary qualifications), or ‘high’ (university degree or higher) according to country-specific criteria
  4. c Participants were asked, “Thinking about your total monthly income, how difficult or easy is it for you to make ends meet?”, with response options ‘Very easy’, ‘Easy’ and ‘Neither easy nor difficult’ categorized as “High”, and ‘Difficult’ and ‘Very difficult’ categorized as “Low”
  5. d Participants were shown a 500 mL bottle of regular soda and asked, “In your opinion, how unhealthy or healthy is this type of drink?”, with response options ‘Very healthy’, ‘Healthy’, ‘A little healthy’ and ‘Neither healthy nor unhealthy’ categorized as “Healthy”, and ‘A little unhealthy’, ‘Unhealthy’ and ‘Very unhealthy’ categorized as “Unhealthy”
  6. e US city/zip code data were only collected in 2018 and 2019
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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