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Table 2 Reliability of accelerometer-based methods, sorted by methodological study quality, study result rating and quality of evidence

From: Systematic review of accelerometer-based methods for 24-h physical behavior assessment in young children (0–5 years old)

Study

Study populationa

Outcome(s) & Setting

Time interval

Methodological study qualityb

Placement

Device-based methodc

Results

Study result ratingd

Quality of evidencee

Hager et al. (2016) [42]

Toddlers

n = 24 * 2 Ac

Age = 24.5 ± 5.2 (14.7 to 35.5) months

Sex = 41.7% girls

Activity counts

Laboratory (structured activities)

n.a

A

Non-dominant ankle; side-by-side

Ac-cts-omni-60

ICC? = .98

+ 

Low

Aadland & Johannessen (2015) [65]

Preschoolers

n = 91

Age = 4.07 ± 0.5 (3 to 5) years

Sex = 51% girls

Total PA, SB, LPA and MVPA in min/day and % of valid wear time

Free-living

14 days

A

Not reported

AG-Ev-VA-10

ICC(1,1) ≥ .75 for all outcomes across all wear criteria (≥ 6, 8 and 10 h/day and ≥ 3 and 5 days/week)

Except for SB (min/day): ICC(1,1) .61 to .81

Higher ICC(1,1) for percentages than absolute values

ICC(1,1) ≥ .80 (≥ 6 and ≥ 8 h/day) > 7 days required

ICC(1,1) ≥ .80 (≥ 10 h/day) within 7 days: 3.9 to 7.1 days

+ 

(SB + ;

PA +)

Low

Greenspan, Cunha, & Lobo (2021) [29]

Infants

n = 16

Age = 3.1 ± 1.1 (1.8 to 5) months

Sex = 51% girls

Body position: supine, reclined, upright, inclined, and prone

Free-living (structured play)

0 days

I

Trunk

GG-Gr-HA/VA/DA-1

κw = .89, 95% CI (.87 to .91)

Supine: agreement = 89.2%

Reclined: agreement = 72.6%

Upright: agreement = 90.9%

Inclined: agreement = 84.6%

Prone: agreement = 91.1%

+ 

Very low

  1. Abbreviations: Ac Actical, AG ActiGraph, cpm counts per minute, cts counts, DA diagonal axis (z-axis), Ev Evenson’s cut-points (2008) [91], GG get around garment with ADXL335, Gr Greenspan’s cut-points (2021) [29], HA horizontal axis (x-axis), ICC? intraclass correlation coefficient analysis decision was unclear, ICC(1,1) intraclass correlation coefficient inappropriate analysis decision one-way random effects model, κwweighted Kappa, LPA light physical activity, MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, n.a. not applicable, omni omnidirectional, PA physical activity, r unknown correlation coefficient, SB sedentary behavior, VA vertical axis (y-axis), 1 1 s epoch, 10 10 s epoch, 60 60 s epoch
  2. aAge presented as mean ± SD (range)
  3. bMethodological study quality based on newly developed checklist: VG very good, A adequate, D doubtful, I inadequate
  4. cDevice-based method described using code combinations of four elements resulting in the following format: brand-axis-approach-epoch length
  5. dStudy result rating based on COSMIN guideline: + sufficient, ± inconsistent, - insufficient, ? intermediate
  6. eQuality of evidence based on GRADE approach