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Table 3 Estimates for associations of maternal ultra-processed food Intake with cardiometabolic markers obtained during the second and third trimesters

From: Associations of ultra-processed food intake with maternal weight change and cardiometabolic health and infant growth

 

%Energy Intake from Ultra-Processed Foods During Pregnancy (z-scored)

B±SE

p

95% CI

Second Trimester

HDL (mg/dL)

 Model 1

-0.95±0.80

.232

-2.52, 0.61

 Model 2a,b,c

-0.14±0.96

.885

-2.03, 1.76

LDL (mg/dL)

 Model 1

-0.50±1.90

.791

-4.25, 3.24

 Model 2a

-0.73±1.92

.705

-4.49, 3.04

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

 Model 1

4.11±3.59

.254

-2.95, 11.16

 Model 2a,b,c,d

-0.89±3.18

.779

-7.14, 5.37

Glucose (mg/dL)

 Model 1

-0.70±0.48

.145

-1.65, 0.24

 Model 2a,d

-0.39±0.49

.425

-1.35, 0.57

Insulin (pmol/L)

 Model 1

5.00±4.23

.238

-3.32, 13.31

 Model 2a,b,c

2.27±4.92

.645

-7.43, 11.96

C-peptide (nmol/L)

 Model 1

0.04±0.02

.066

0.00, 0.08

 Model 2a,b,c

0.03±0.02

.247

-0.02, 0.08

Third Trimester

IL-6 (pg/mL)

 Model 1

0.07±0.06

.277

-0.05, 0.19

 Model 2a,b

0.06±0.07

.346

-0.07, 0.19

TNF-a (pg/mL)

 Model 1

0.18±0.11

.090

-0.03, 0.39

 Model 2a,b

0.10±0.11

.356

-0.12, 0.33

CRP (mg/L)

 Model 1

0.89±0.25

<.001

0.39, 1.39

 Model 2a,b,c,d,e,f

0.68±0.29

.021

0.10, 1.26

  1. Notes:CRP C-Reactive Protein, IL-6 Interleukin 6, TNF-a Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha. Adjusted for atotal energy intake, bincome-poverty ratio, cmoderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity, dage, elow-intensity physical activity, and fearly pregnancy body mass index