Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants (1999–2001)
Early adolescence (12–15 years) | Late adolescence (16–18 years) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | |||||||||
Control n = 273 | Intervention n = 85 | P | Control n = 293 | Intervention n = 96 | P | Control n = 153 | Intervention n = 59 | P | Control n = 213 | Intervention n = 79 | P | |
Children characteristics | ||||||||||||
BMI Status | 0.66 | 0.02 | 0.72 | 0.61 | ||||||||
Normal | 209 (77.4) | 68 (80.0) | 216 (75.5) | 81 (87.1) | 117 (77.5) | 44 (74.6) | 166 (79.8) | 64 (83.1) | ||||
Overweight | 61 (22.6) | 17 (20.0) | 70 (24.5) | 12 (12.9) | 34 (22.6) | 15 (25.4) | 42 (20.2) | 13 (16.9) | ||||
Physical activity | 0.57 | 0.37 | 0.09 | 0.82 | ||||||||
Low | 12 (10.4) | 6 (15.8) | 58 (37.2) | 12 (22.6) | 47 (32.0) | 19 (32.8) | 63 (29.9) | 20 (26.3) | ||||
Moderate | 36 (31.2) | 13 (34.2) | 53 (34.0) | 26 (49.1) | 36 (24.5) | 17 (29.3) | 53 (25.1) | 21 (27.6) | ||||
High | 67 (58.3) | 19 (50.0) | 45 (28.8) | 15 (28.3) | 64 (43.5) | 22 (37.9) | 95 (45.0) | 35 (46.1) | ||||
Fathers’ characteristics | ||||||||||||
Age | 48.8 ± 8.1 | 49.4 ± 7.5 | 0.57 | 47.3 ± 7.4 | 50.3 ± 9.0 | 0.007 | 50.2 ± 7.9 | 50.9 ± 7.7 | 0.58 | 51.4 ± 7.7 | 51.6 ± 7.9 | 0.83 |
Physical activity | 0.32 | 0.15 | 0.23 | 0.62 | ||||||||
Low | 153 (59.3) | 53 (63.1) | 166 (61.5) | 66 (71.7) | 83 (58.0) | 29 (53.7) | 117 (61.9) | 47 (66.2) | ||||
Moderate | 24 (9.3) | 11 (13.1) | 33 (12.2) | 6 (6.5) | 18 (12.6) | 12 (22.2) | 21 (11.1) | 9 (12.7) | ||||
High | 81 (31.4) | 20 (23.8) | 71 (26.3) | 20 (21.7) | 42 (29.4) | 13 (24.1) | 51 (27.0) | 15 (21.1) | ||||
BMI Status | 0.68 | 0.28 | 0.23 | 0.25 | ||||||||
Normal | 76 (33.9) | 28 (37.3) | 90 (39.6) | 26 (32.1) | 43 (31.6) | 21 (41.2) | 51 (34.0) | 15 (25.4) | ||||
Overweight | 148 (66.1) | 47 (62.7) | 137 (60.4) | 55 (67.9) | 93 (68.4) | 30 (58.8) | 99 (66.0) | 44 (74.6) | ||||
Education level | 0.23 | 0.56 | 0.41 | 0.24 | ||||||||
Primary | 113 (449) | 45 (60.0) | 103 (45.3) | 44 (53.7) | 69 (50.4) | 29 (55.8) | 69 (50.4) | 29 (55.8) | ||||
Secondary | 77 (33.9) | 18 (24.0) | 86 (37.7) | 27 (32.9) | 48 (35.0) | 14 (26.9) | 48 (35.0) | 14 (26.9) | ||||
Higher | 37 (16.3) | 12 (16.0) | 39 (17.1) | 11 (13.4) | 20 (14.6) | 9 (17.3) | 20 (14.6) | 9 (17.3) | ||||
Employment status | 0.73 | 0.005 | 1.00 | 0.14 | ||||||||
Employed | 187 (82.4) | 61 (80.3) | 205 (89.5) | 63 (75.9) | 104 (75.4) | 40 (76.9) | 123 (80.9) | 43 (71.7) | ||||
Mothers’ characteristics | ||||||||||||
Age | 41.6 ± 6.8 | 49.4 ± 7.5 | 0.18 | 40.4 ± 6.6 | 43.5 ± 7.7 | < 0.001 | 43.0 ± 6.8 | 44.0 ± 6.2 | 0.34 | 44.1 ± 6.8 | 43.6 ± 6.6 | 0.58 |
Physical activity | 0.98 | 0.26 | 0.67 | 0.65 | ||||||||
Low | 137 (62.6) | 43 (63.2) | 126 (57.5) | 41 (53.9) | 80 (64.5) | 28 (59.6) | 85 (62.0) | 36 (69.2) | ||||
Moderate | 28 (12.8) | 8 (11.8) | 43 (19.6) | 11 (14.5) | 17 (13.7) | 9 (19.1) | 16 (11.7) | 5 (9.6) | ||||
High | 54 (24.7) | 17 (25.0) | 50 (22.8) | 24 (31.6) | 27 (21.8) | 10 (21.3) | 36 (26.3) | 11 (21.2) | ||||
BMI Status | 0.45 | 0.24 | 0.84 | 0.477 | ||||||||
Normal | 48 (18.4) | 21 (22.6) | 53 (19.1) | 24 (24.7) | 24 (15.5) | 10 (16.9) | 32 (15.8) | 15 (19.5) | ||||
Overweight | 213 (81.6) | 72 (77.4) | 225 (80.9) | 73 (75.3) | 131 (84.5) | 49 (83.1) | 170 (84.2) | 62 (80.5) | ||||
Education level | 0.71 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.70 | ||||||||
Primary | 172 (64.4) | 65 (69.1) | 163 (57.6) | 70 (70.0) | 163 (57.6) | 108 (68.4) | 155 (75.2) | 61 (79.2) | ||||
Secondary | 88 (33.0) | 27 (28.7) | 100 (35.3) | 26 (26.0) | 100 (35.3) | 46 (29.1) | 42 (20.4) | 14 (18.2) | ||||
Higher | 7 (2.6) | 2 (2.1) | 20 (7.1) | 4 (4.0) | 20 (7.1) | 4 (2.5) | 9 (4.4) | 2 (2.6) | ||||
Employment status | 0.40 | 0.52 | 0.80 | 0.56 | ||||||||
Employed | 26 (9.7) | 6 (6.4) | 25 (8.8) | 6 (6.0) | 16 (10.1) | 7 (11.9) | 10 (9.4) | 5 (6.5) | ||||