Fig. 2

Socio-ecological model of risk and safety factors that shape children’s active play in schools. Legend: The socio-ecological model represents the emergent conceptual framework for risk and safety factors that shape children’s active play in schools across 5 SEM levels (Individual, Interpersonal, Physical Environment, Policy and Institutional, and Societal), together with 10 types of risky play children wish for in schools. The framework consists of 11 constraining factors, 7 affording factors, 4 factors that afford or constrain at the individual level, and 1 factor that affords or constrains at the societal level