Table 3 Moderators in the effects of physical activity on mental health in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities

Publication year

Range: 2000-2021

0.041 (0.007, 0.076)

5.41^*

1

22

Study location (ref: Asia)

Europe

-1.038 (-1.472, -0.604)

23.63^**

2

60

America and Australia

-1.124 (-1.757, -0.492)

Outcome provider (ref: Self-report)

Teacher/parent proxy-report

-0.293 (-0.895, 0.309)

0·91

1

2

Study design (ref: RCT)

Non-RCT

-0.465 (-0.938, 0.008)

3.71

1

15

Sample size

Range: 20-145 participants

0.013 (0.003, 0.022)

6.82^**

1

32

Age (ref: Children 5-11 years)

Adolescents (12-17 years)

-0.617 (-1.045, -0.187)

8.00^**

1

37

Sex (ref: Boys-only)

Girls-only

-0.252 (-0.848, 0.344)

5.63

2

26

Mix-sex

0.395 (-0.093, 0.882)

ID level (ref: Mild ID)

Mild to moderate ID

-0.271 (-0.797, 0.255)

2.16

2

13

Overall ID

-0.467 (-1.108, 0.174)

Intervention type (ref: Therapeutic exercise)

Aerobic exercise

-0.255 (-0.989, 0.479)

14.14^**

4

39

Cognitive exercise

-0.548 (-1.202, 0.106)

Non-competitive sport

-1.005 (-1.602, -0.408)

Competitive sport

-0.931 (-1.630, -0.232)

Intervention setting (ref: School)

Community

-0.183 (-0.718, 0.351)

4.02

2

1

NR

0.642 (-0.229, 1.512)

Intervention duration per week (ref: >120 min/week)

≤120 min/week

-0.566 (-1.028, -0.105)

5.83^*

1

25

NR

-0.409 (-1.412, 0.594)

Total intervention session

Range: 20-139 sessions

-0.004 (-0.012, 0.004)

1.07

1

0

Total intervention duration

Range: 250-16680 min

-0.000 (-0.000, 0.000)

3.45

1

16

Reach

Range: 40%-100%

-0.510 (-2.284, 1.264)

0.32

1

0

Effectiveness

Range: 25%-100%

0.503 (-0.401, 1.408)

1.19

1

4

Adoption

Range: 0%-83.3%

0.361 (-0.410, 1.133)

0.84

1

3

Implementation

Range: 33.3%-66.7%

0.419 (-1.988, 2.825)

0.12

1

0

Maintenance

Range: 0%-33.3%

-1.410 (-3.400. -0.083)

4.24^*

1

11

Overall RE-AIM

Range: 27.7%-66%

0.397 (-1.576, 2.370)

0.16

1

1