Behaviour change techniques in cardiovascular disease smartphone apps to improve physical activity and sedentary behaviour: Systematic review and meta-regression

Table 3 Results from multivariable meta-regression analysis exploring moderating effects of behaviour change techniques on physical activity outcomes

Behaviour change techniques	Multivariable meta-regression
Behaviour change techniques	β	Intercept	90% CrI	τ (90% CrI)
Intercept		0.36	−0.09 to 0.79	0.20 (0.02–0.48)
Monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback	0.02		−0.11 to 0.21
Feedback on behaviour	0.02		−0.15 to 0.25
Self-monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour	−0.09		−0.48 to 0.07
Monitoring of outcome(s) of behaviour without feedback	−0.06		−0.44 to 0.09
Biofeedback	−0.07		−0.45 to 0.08
Feedback on outcome(s) of behaviour	0.01		−0.19 to 0.19
Goal setting (behaviour)	0.01		−0.15 to 0.19
Problem solving	0.01		−0.13 to 0.19
Goal setting (outcome)	−0.03		−0.25 to 0.11
Action planning	0.10		−0.05 to 0.50
Review behaviour goal(s)	0.01		−0.17 to 0.20
Discrepancy between current behaviour and goal	−0.05		−0.37 to 0.10
Graded tasks	0.02		−0.11 to 0.22
Social support (unspecified)	0.01		−0.12 to 0.17
Social support (emotional)	−0.01		−0.19 to 0.16
Credible source	−0.01		−0.19 to 0.17
Information about health consequences	−0.05		− 0.36 to 0.10
Prompts/cues	0.01		−0.14 to 0.17
Instruction on how to perform behaviour	−0.01		−0.16 to 0.15
Social reward	0.01		−0.16 to 0.16

Abbreviations: β regression coefficient, CrI credible interval, τ the standard deviation of the between-study variation (heterogeneity)

ISSN: 1479-5868