Table 2 Associations of socio-demographic variables, study site, and neighbourhood characteristics with WHO BMI-SD and BMI categories (IOTF)

Sex (ref: male)

Female

-0.072 (-0.144, 0.0003)

.051

0.747 (0.644, 0.867)

 < .001

Age, years

-0.014 ( -0.038, 0.011)

.278

1.015 (0.964, 1.069)

.561

City (ref: Seattle)

  Baltimore, USA

-0.036 (-0.203, 0.131)

.673

1.234 (0.894, 1.702)

.201

  Gombe, NGA

-1.640 (-1.840, -1.438)

 < .001

0.242 (0.140, 0.417)

 < .001

  Ghent, BEL

-0.691 (-0.897, -0.485)

 < .001

0.430 (0.255, 0.726)

.002

  Valencia, ESP

-0.253 (-0.440, -0.065)

.008

0.804 (0.549, 1.177)

.261

  Porto region, PRT

0.098 (-0.150, 0.346)

.440

1.633 (1.036, 2.572)

.035

  Olomouc, CZE

-0.598 (-0.947, -0.248)

 < .001

0.403 (0.163, 0.997)

.049

  Hradec Králové, CZE

-0.373 (-0.749, 0.003)

.052

0.723 (0.319, 1.638)

.437

  Odense, DNK

-0.563 (-0.819, -0.306)

 < .001

0.327 (0.162, 0.657)

.002

  Curitiba, BRA

0.090 (-0.082, 0.262)

.304

1.426 (1.029, 1.977)

.033

  Kuala Lumpur, MYS

-0.423 (-0.626, -0.221)

 < .001

0.943 (0.603, 1.475)

.798

  Melbourne, AUS

-0.175 (-0.358, 0.007)

.059

0.972 (0.670, 1.410)

.881

  Auckland, NZL

-0.120 (-0.301, 0.061)

.195

0.980 (0.686, 1.401)

.913

  Wellington, NZL

-0.075 (-0.305, 0.155)

.522

0.783 (0.493, 1.244)

.300

  Hong Kong, CHN

-0.588 (-0.754, -0.422)

 < .001

0.355 (0.240, 0.526)

 < .001

  Dhaka, BGD

-0.465 (-0.766, -0.163)

.003

0.773 (0.399, 1.496)

.444

  Chennai, IND

-0.658 (-0.841, -0.474)

 < .001

1.020 (0.713, 1.457)

.915

  Haifa, ISR

-0.317 (-0.525, -0.108)

.003

0.559 (0.352, 0.887)

.014

Education (ref: < college)

  College or higher

-0.028 (-0.108, 0.051)

.485

0.826 (0.702, 0.970)

.020

Walkability (ref: low)

  High

-0.049 (-0.122, 0.025)

.193

0.948 (0.812, 1.105)

.492

SES (ref: low)

  High

-0.105 (-0.179 -0.031)

.005

0.846 (0.722, 0.990)

.037