Table 2 Themes and subthemes influencing PA in older hospitalized patients within the social-ecological model
Social ecological model | Theme | Subtheme | Facilitatora | Barriera | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quantitativeb | Qualitativec | Quantitativeb | Qualitativec | |||
Patient perspective | ||||||
 Intrapersonal level | 1. Patient knowledge, awareness, and attitude | 1.1 Knowledge, awareness, and attitude | 8 | 24 | 6 | 19 |
2. Patients personal and health factors | 2.1 Patient personal factors | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |
2.2 Emotional status | 1 | 1 | 5 | 9 | ||
2.3 Cognitive status | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||
2.4 Physical health | 8 | 0 | 12 | 14 | ||
3. Medical-related factors | 3.1 Presence of lines/attachments | 1 | 0 | 4 | 5 | |
3.2 Admitting diagnosis and illness severity | 4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | ||
3.3 Treatment-related factors | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | ||
 Interpersonal level | 4. Social support | 4.1 Patient - informal network | 0 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
4.2 Patient - HCP | 3 | 13 | 1 | 18 | ||
 Institutional level | 5. Physical environment | 5.1 Space and location | 2 | 6 | 3 | 7 |
6. Resources | 6.1 Staffing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
6.2 Time and competing priorities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
6.3 Equipment | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
6.4 Education and information | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
7. Organizational factors | 7.1 Hospital routines and activities | 3 | 8 | 2 | 4 | |
7.2 Daytime or weekday | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||
7.3 Rules, regulations and policies | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Caregiver perspective | ||||||
 Intrapersonal level | 8. Caregiver knowledge, awareness, and attitude | 8.1 Knowledge, awareness, and attitude | n/a | 3 | n/a | 4 |
8.2 Patient safety concerns | n/a | 0 | n/a | 2 | ||
 Interpersonal level | 9. Patients health status and medical-related factors | 9.1 Physical or mental health | n/a | 0 | n/a | 2 |
 Institutional level | n/a |  | n/a | 0 | n/a | 0 |
Healthcare professional perspective | ||||||
 Intrapersonal level | 10. HCP knowledge, awareness, and attitude | 10.1 Knowledge, awareness, and attitude | 4 | 11 | 5 | 15 |
10.2 Patient safety concerns | 0 | 0 | 5 | 3 | ||
11. HCP expertise and characteristics | 11.1 Expertise and characteristics | 1 | 4 | 5 | 1 | |
 Interpersonal level | 12. Patient cooperation | 12.1 Patient - informal network | 0 | 5 | 0 | 3 |
12.2 Patient - HCP | 1 | 15 | 3 | 27 | ||
13. Clinician and team influences | 13.1 Collaboration | 1 | 14 | 1 | 4 | |
13.2 Role clarity | 2 | 3 | 0 | 8 | ||
13.3 Responsibility | 2 | 7 | 0 | 8 | ||
14. Patients health status and medical-related factors | 14.1 Physical or mental health | 1 | 3 | 8 | 12 | |
14.2 Treatment-related factors | 1 | 3 | 0 | 7 | ||
 Institutional level | 15. Physical environment | 15.1 Space and location | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 |
16. Resources | 16.1 Staffing | 1 | 4 | 2 | 8 | |
16.2 Time and competing priorities | 0 | 2 | 8 | 19 | ||
16.3 Equipment | 1 | 6 | 1 | 5 | ||
16.4 Education and information | 0 | 7 | 2 | 1 | ||
16.5 Monitoring and documentation | 0 | 5 | 0 | 3 | ||
17. Organizational factors | 17.1 Hospital routines and activities | 0 | 9 | 0 | 7 | |
17.2 Rules, regulations and policies | 0 | 8 | 0 | 10 | ||