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Table 3 Results of the next-day multilevel models for the outcome habit strength with all participants (model 1a) and participants with high compliance (model 1b)

From: Effects of behavioral performance, intrinsic reward value, and context stability on the formation of a higher-order nutrition habit: an intensive longitudinal diary study

Predictors

Model 1a

Model 1b

β

SE

95% CI

p

β

SE

95% CI

p

Intercept

-0.01

0.04

[-0.08, 0.06]

.798

0.00

0.05

[-0.09, 0.09]

0.974

Within-person effects

  Autoregressive effect

0.32

0.02

[0.28, 0.35]

< .001

0.28

0.02

[0.24, 0.32]

< .001

  Time

0.05

0.02

[0.02, 0.09]

.002

0.05

0.02

[0.02, 0.09]

.001

  log(time)

0.06

0.02

[0.02, 0.10]

.006

0.06

0.02

[0.01, 0.10]

.010

  Behavioral performance (cwc)

-0.03

0.01

[-0.04, -0.01]

< .001

-0.03

0.01

[-0.04, -0.01]

.001

  Intrinsic reward value (cwc)

-0.00

0.01

[-0.01, 0.01]

.932

0.00

0.01

[-0.01, 0.02]

.861

  Context stability (cwc)

0.01

0.01

[-0.01, 0.02]

.401

0.01

0.01

[-0.01, 0.02]

.370

  Behavioral performance (cwc)*Intrinsic reward value (cwc)

0.00

0.01

[-0.01, 0.01]

.608

0.00

0.01

[-0.01, 0.01]

.673

  Behavioral performance (cwc)*Context stability (cwc)

-0.00

0.01

[-0.02, 0.01]

.693

-0.01

0.01

[-0.02, 0.01]

.391

Between-person effects

  Behavioral performance (M)

0.16

0.03

[0.09, 0.22]

< .001

0.11

0.05

[0.02, 0.20]

.015

  Intrinsic reward value (M)

0.08

0.04

[0.01, 0.15]

.036

0.15

0.05

[0.05, 0.25]

.003

  Context stability (M)

0.20

0.04

[0.13, 0.28]

< .001

0.23

0.05

[0.14, 0.33]

< .001

  log(time)*Behavioral performance (M)

0.03

0.01

[0.01, 0.06]

.015

0.03

0.02

[0.00, 0.07]

.033

  log(time)*Intrinsic reward value (M)

0.01

0.01

[-0.02, 0.04]

.459

0.02

0.02

[-0.01, 0.06]

.179

  log(time)*Context stability (M)

0.02

0.02

[-0.01, 0.05]

.215

0.02

0.02

[-0.02, 0.05]

.325

Random effects

  SD(Residual)

0.44

 0.01

 [0.43, 0.45]

 

0.42

 0.01

 [0.41, 0.43]

 

  SD(Intercept)

0.46

 0.03

 [0.41, 0.51]

 

0.48

 0.03

 [0.43, 0.55]

 

  SD(Slope (log(time)))

0.15

 0.01

 [0.12, 0.17]

 

0.15

 0.01

 [0.13, 0.18]

 

  ICC

0.54

   

0.59

   

  N

189

   

121

   

  Observations

4175

   

3753

   

  Marginal R2 / Conditional R2

0.439 / 0.743

   

0.439 / 0.770

   
  1. Note. The next-day models were estimated with habit strength measured one day after the day when predictors were measured. (M) = Person-mean values. (cwc) = Values centered within clusters (persons). ICC = Intra-class correlation. N = Number of participants. p-values < .050 are marked in bold. Model 1a contains the analysis with all participants that could be included in the analysis. Model 1b contains the analysis with participants who responded to more than 50% of the daily surveys (high compliance sample)