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Table 3 Cross-sectional associations of Grade 4 MVPA and Grade 4 standardized test scores, moderated by student and school characteristics a

From: Physical activity and academic achievement: an analysis of potential student- and school-level moderators

 

Math

ELA

Lexile

 

Association (SE)

p

Association (SE)

p

Association (SE)

p

Student Characteristics

 MVPA

-0.237 (0.090)

0.009

-0.148(0.094)

0.115

-0.227 (0.416)

0.585

 Student female gender

-8.839 (0.981)

0.000

3.250 (1.050)

0.002

9.657 (4.793)

0.044

 MVPA * gender

-0.082 (0.114)

0.472

-0.127 (0.132)

0.340

-0.665 (0.598)

0.267

 MVPA

-0.216 (0.104)

0.039

-0.139 (0.109)

0.205

0.018 (0.488)

0.970

 Student FRL

-3.714 (1.095)

0.001

-1.081 (1.228)

0.380

-5.421 (5.594)

0.333

 Interaction

-0.096 (0.114)

0.400

-0.107 (0.126)

0.397

-0.904 (0.570)

0.114

 MVPA

-0.139 (0.132)

0.295

-0.007 (0.143)

0.962

0.701 (0.642)

0.276

 Hispanic

-5.503 (1.506)

0.000

-0.828 (1.693)

0.625

-2.566 (7.692)

0.739

 Black

-5.496 (1.408)

0.000

0.798 (1.568)

0.612

-0.065 (7.108)

0.993

 Asian

5.166 (1.606)

0.001

10.300 (1.802)

0.000

43.931 (8.202)

0.000

 Mixed

-0.620 (2.257)

0.784

2.227 (2.522)

0.377

-8.799 (11.460)

0.443

 MVPA*Hispanic

-0.273 (0.159)

0.087

-0.320 (0.178)

0.073

-2.150 (0.805)

0.008

 MVPA*Black

-0.059 (0.153)

0.700

-0.293 (0.178)

0.100

-1.809 (0.781)

0.021

 MVPA*Asian

0.001 (0.192)

0.995

0.134 (0.218)

0.540

0.642 (0.976)

0.511

 MVPA*Mixed

-0.507 (0.290)

0.082

-0.399 (0.322)

0.217

-1.116 (1.462)

0.446

School Characteristics

 MVPA

-0.269 (0.075)

0.001

-0.197 (0.077)

0.011

-0.480 (0.345)

0.165

 School % FRL

-0.064 (0.165)

0.699

-0.055 (0.177)

0.755

-0.349 (0.660)

0.598

 MVPA * % FRL

-0.003 (0.002)

0.269

-0.004 (0.003)

0.098

-0.036 (0.012)

0.002

 MVPA

-0.561 (2.273)

0.805

0.639 (2.471)

0.796

-1.645 (9.087)

0.856

 SPAPA Recess

-0.257 (0.092)

0.006

-0.055 (0.177)

0.202

-0.382 (0.475)

0.422

 MVPA*SPAPA Recess

-0.020 (0.869)

0.869

-0.118 (0.135)

0.381

-0.207 (0.599)

0.730

 MVPA

-1.045 (2.007)

0.603

-0.959 (2.178)

0.660

-3.727 (7.986)

0.641

 SPAPA PE

-0.232 (0.104)

0.026

-0.245 (0.118)

0.039

-0.921 (0.543)

0.091

 MVPA*SPAPA PE

-0.020 (0.869)

0.661

-0.068 (0.136)

0.616

0.654 (0.634)

0.303

  1. a Models adjusted for student sex, race/ethnicity, FRL status, English Language Learner status, student with disabilities status, Grade 3 absences, Grade 3 tardies, special education course enrollment, school percentage female, school percentage black, school percentage Hispanic, school percentage FRL, school cohort (intervention or control), departmentalization, and prior achievement for the specific academic outcome (e.g., when assessing math grade as outcome, used Grade 3 average math grade). The 95% Confidence Interval for the indirect effect was found using the Monte Carlo method. In bold are the indirect effects found to be statistically significant using a Bonferroni corrected alpha of 0.00038