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Table 3 Devices and technology used to provide objective measures of built environment and physical activity

From: Objectively measuring the association between the built environment and physical activity: a systematic review and reporting framework

Objective reporting characteristics

Study count(projects)

Papers

Built environment data recording

GIS used to define spatial extent around reported or inferred geocoded location(s)

37 (24)

[22, 23, 45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54]

[55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66]

[67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78]

[79]

GIS used to define spatial extent around data from a GPS device

41 (26)

[80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91]

[92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103]

[104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112]

[113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120]

GIS used to define spatial extent around GPS data from a smartphone, used as a primary data collection tool

9 (8)

[121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129]

GIS used to define spatial extent around secondary smartphone app GPS data

7 (6)

[10, 44, 130,131,132,133,134]

Physical activity data recording

Accelerometer

60 (42)

[22, 45,46,47,48,49,50,51, 81,82,83,84]

[23, 52, 53, 55, 85,86,87,88,89,90,91]

[56,57,58,59,60,61,62, 92,93,94,95]

[64,65,66, 96,97,98, 101, 102, 104,105,106]

[67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75, 107, 109]

[76,77,78, 120]

Accelerometer & Pedometer

1 (1)

[80]

Smartphone app: Primary (GPS)

7 (6)

[121,122,123, 125,126,127,128]

Smartphone app used as a primary data collection tool (using phone accelerometer or gyroscope)

2 (2)

[124, 129]

Secondary smartphone app GPS data

7 (6)

[10, 44, 130,131,132,133,134]

Pedometer

2 (2)

[54, 79]

Accelerometer paired with GPS data

15 (5)

[63, 99, 100, 103, 108, 110,111,112,113,114]

[115,116,117,118,119]