Table 1 Baseline demographic and health characteristics of participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
| Â | Total | White women | Black women | White men | Black men | Â |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 5114 | 1307 | 1480 | 1170 | 1157 | Â |
Baseline demographic characteristics | Median (IQR) / n (%) | Median (IQR) / n (%) | Median (IQR) / n (%) | Median (IQR) / n (%) | Median (IQR) / n (%) | p-value |
Age (years) | 25.0 (22.0–28.0) | 26.0 (23.0–28.0) | 24.0 (21.0–28.0) | 26.0 (23.0–28.0) | 24.0 (21.0–28.0) | < 0.001 |
Highest grade of school completed | 13.0 (12.0–16.0) | 15.0 (12.0–16.0) | 13.0 (12.0–14.0) | 15.0 (12.0–16.0) | 12.0 (12.0–14.0) | < 0.001 |
Family history of cardiovascular disease | 1022 (20.0%) | 250 (19.1%) | 310 (20.9%) | 227 (19.4%) | 235 (20.3%) | 0.62 |
Body mass index (BMI) | 23.4 (21.2–26.4) | 22.0 (20.3–24.6) | 24.2 (21.2–28.9) | 23.7 (21.9–26.0) | 23.7 (21.7–26.4) | < 0.001 |
   < 25 kg/m2 | 3328 (65.3%) | 1012 (77.7%) | 823 (55.8%) | 761 (65.2%) | 732 (63.5%) |  |
  25–30 kg/m2 | 1170 (23.0%) | 195 (15.0%) | 337 (22.8%) | 334 (28.6%) | 304 (26.4%) |  |
   > 30 kg/m2 | 599 (11.8%) | 95 (7.3%) | 315 (21.4%) | 72 (6.2%) | 117 (10.1%) |  |
Smoking status |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  Never | 2856 (56.2%) | 685 (52.7%) | 885 (60.1%) | 670 (57.8%) | 616 (53.8%) |  |
  Former | 676 (13.3%) | 261 (20.1%) | 127 (8.6%) | 182 (15.7%) | 106 (9.3%) |  |
  Current | 1546 (30.4%) | 355 (27.3%) | 461 (31.3%) | 307 (26.5%) | 423 (36.9%) |  |
Alcohol (mL of alcohol consumed per day) | 5.4 (0.9–15.5) | 4.8 (0.9–12.1) | 1.8 (0.0–6.9) | 11.1 (3.7–23.2) | 10.2 (2.0–25.2) | < 0.001 |
Total physical activity score at enrollment (EU) | 360.0 (197.0–578.0) | 351.0 (207.0–543.0) | 228.0 (103.0–396.0) | 462.0 (288.0–672.0) | 472.0 (271.0–723.0) | < 0.001 |
Total physical activity score at age 18 (EU) | 363.1 (241.1–534.1) | 333.3 (235.0–473.4) | 238.1 (160.5–333.6) | 466.1 (327.8–612.0) | 515.7 (366.5–681.9) | < 0.001 |
Annual reduction in total physical activity score (EU) | 2.4 (0.4–5.1) | 1.5 (−0.4–3.5) | 1.6 (0.1–3.5) | 2.5 (0.3–4.9) | 5.7 (3.3–8.2) | < 0.001 |
Expected total physical activity at age 18 | ||||||
  < 300 EU | 1915 (37.5%) | 545 (41.7%) | 989 (67.0%) | 231 (19.8%) | 150 (13.0%) | < 0.001 |
 300–600 EU | 2274 (44.6%) | 633 (48.5%) | 432 (29.2%) | 635 (54.4%) | 574 (49.8%) |  |
  > 600 EU | 913 (17.9%) | 128 (9.8%) | 56 (3.8%) | 301 (25.8%) | 428 (37.2%) |  |
Always meeting total physical activity level from young adulthood to middle age | ||||||
  < 300 EU | 2128 (41.7%) | 589 (45.1%) | 1067 (72.2%) | 263 (22.5%) | 209 (18.1%) | < 0.001 |
 300–600 EU | 2202 (43.2%) | 612 (46.9%) | 362 (24.5%) | 646 (55.4%) | 582 (50.5%) |  |
  > 600 EU | 772 (15.1%) | 105 (8.0%) | 48 (3.2%) | 258 (22.1%) | 361 (31.3%) |  |