Skip to main content

Table 2 Associations between neighbourhood built environment features and muscular fitness (n = 8 studies)

From: The neighbourhood built environment and health-related fitness: a narrative systematic review

Author, year

Design

Density

Transit

Destination proximity

Diversity

Desirability

Distributed

Composite or other

Brown, 2008 [22]

     

+

  

Duchowny, 2020 [46]

       

–

Koohsari, 2020 [26, 49]

=

=

=

 

=

  

=

Shaffer, 2017 [31]

=

   

=

=

 

=

McCormack, 2020a [23]

       

+, =

Okuyama, 2020a [20]

+, =

=

-, =

+, =

    

Soma, 2017a [61]

 

+, =

  

+, =

   

Sun, 2020a [21]

=

+, =

  

=

+, =

 

=

Total associationsb

+1, =4

+2, =4

-1, =2

+1, =1

+1, =4

+2, =2

 

+1, −1, =4

  1. +: any statistically significant positive association
  2. -: any statistically significant negative association
  3. =: any non-statistically significant association
  4. aadjustment for self-reported physical activity
  5. bSuperscript indicates total number of studies finding positive, negative or null associations