Features of effective staff training programmes within school-based interventions targeting student activity behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ryan, Mairead; Alliott, Olivia; Ikeda, Erika; Luan, Jian’an; Hofmann, Riikka; van Sluijs, Esther

doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01361-6

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 3 Behaviour change techniques (BCTs) identified in treatment and control groups of training programmes (n = 53)

From: Features of effective staff training programmes within school-based interventions targeting student activity behaviour: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BCT	BCT label	Lead author of publication included in review and name of trial^a
BCT	BCT label	Aadland ASK	Adab WAVES	Aittasalo KIDS OUT!	Anderson AFLY5	Belton Y-PATH	Bundy Sydney Playground Project	Chan A + FMS	Christiansen SPACE	Cohen SCORES	Drummy No trial name	Duncan the Healthy Homework Study	Dyrstad the Active School Study	Escriva-Boulley No trial name	Filho Fortaleça sua Saúde	Gray Choice, Control and Change	Ha No trial name	Ha SELF-FIT	Harrington Girls Active	Have No trial name	Hillman A + PACC
4.1	Instruction on how to perform the behaviour	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑
3.1	Social support (unspecified)	☑											☑		☑	☑		☑	☑	☑	☑
12.5	Adding objects to the environment	☑			☑		☑			☑					☑			☑
1.1	Goal setting (behaviour)				☑	☑		☑			☑		☑		☑		☑	☑			☑
2.2	Feedback on behaviour							☑		☑			☑	☑							☑
6.1	Demonstration of the behaviour																☑	☑
1.4	Action planning													☑		☑			☑
8.1	Behavioural practice/rehersal												☑	☑			☑	☑
1.2	Problem solving													☑		☑	☑	☑	☑
2.3	Self-monitoring of behaviour							☑										☑
3.2	Social support (practical)												☑		☑		☑			☑
5.1	Information about health consequences											☑			☑
12.1	Restructuring the environment														☑
1.3	Goal setting (outcome)		☑
7.1	Prompts/cues
2.6	Biofeedback
10.2	Material reward (behaviour)																		☑		☑
10.3	Non-specific reward
13.1	Identification of self as role model					☑															☑
13.2	Framing/reframing		☑				☑
1.5	Review behaviour goal(s)													☑
1.6	Discrepancy between current behavior and goal																	☑
1.7	Review outcome goal(s)																		☑
2.1	Monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback																			☑
6.3	Information about others’ approval						☑
1.8	Behavioural contract
2.7	Feedback on outcome(s) of behaviour
4.4	Behavioural experiments
5.3	Information about social and environmental consequences														☑
5.6	Information about emotional consequences
6.2	Social comparison
8.3	Habit formation
8.7	Graded tasks
9.1	Credible source
9.2	Pros and cons						☑
10.4	Social reward
15.1	Verbal persuasion about capability
	Total number of BCTs identified per experimental arm	3	3	1	3	3	5	4	1	3	2	2	6	6	8	4	6	9	6	4	6
	Total number of BCTs identified per control arm	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

BCT	BCT label	Lead author of publication included in review and name of trial^a
BCT	BCT label	Hodges KIA	Hollis PA4E1	Janssen PLAYgrounds	Kelly COPE TEEN	Kennedy Resistance Training for Teens	Kien Bewegte Klasse	Kocken EF!	Köykkä Let’s Move It	Lonsdale AMPED	Lubans ATLAS	Martin Active Classrooms	McKay AC! BC!	Miller PLUNGE	Morris No trial name	Nader GROW HKC	Norris Virtual Traveller	O’Leary Project Spraoi	O’Neill Michigan Model for Health	Okely Girls in Sport	Riley EASY Minds
4.1	Instruction on how to perform the behaviour	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑		☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑
3.1	Social support (unspecified)		☑	☑				☑	☑	☑			☑	☑	☑		☑	☑	☑	☑	☑
12.5	Adding objects to the environment	☑	☑	☑		☑			☑	☑	☑		☑					☑			☑
1.1	Goal setting (behaviour)	☑				☑						☑					☑	☑			☑
2.2	Feedback on behaviour		☑	☑	☑	☑				☑	☑			☑							☑
6.1	Demonstration of the behaviour	☑			☑	☑	☑			☑	☑			☑	☑		☑	☑			☑
1.4	Action planning			☑		☑			☑	☑		☑	☑				☑	☑		☑	☑
8.1	Behavioural practice/rehersal		☑	☑	☑	☑			☑	☑				☑							☑
1.2	Problem solving								☑			☑								☑	☑
2.3	Self-monitoring of behaviour					☑			☑	☑		☑								☑
3.2	Social support (practical)		☑															☑
5.1	Information about health consequences								☑		☑						☑
12.1	Restructuring the environment			☑					☑			☑
1.3	Goal setting (outcome)		☑							☑			☑							☑
7.1	Prompts/cues		☑						☑			☑
2.6	Biofeedback				☑					☑								☑
10.2	Material reward (behaviour)		☑
10.3	Non-specific reward									☑	☑										☑
13.1	Identification of self as role model			☑
13.2	Framing/reframing			☑
1.5	Review behaviour goal(s)																	☑
1.6	Discrepancy between current behavior and goal									☑
1.7	Review outcome goal(s)																			☑
2.1	Monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback
6.3	Information about others’ approval								☑
1.8	Behavioural contract
2.7	Feedback on outcome(s) of behaviour		☑
4.4	Behavioural experiments								☑
5.3	Information about social and environmental consequences
5.6	Information about emotional consequences																☑
6.2	Social comparison								☑
8.3	Habit formation								☑
8.7	Graded tasks													☑
9.1	Credible source																			☑
9.2	Pros and cons
10.4	Social reward								☑
15.1	Verbal persuasion about capability
	Total number of BCTs identified per experimental arm	4	10	9	5	8	2	1	15	12	6	7	5	6	3	1	7	9	2	8	10
	Total number of BCTs identified per control arm	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0

BCT	BCT label	Lead author of publication included in review and name of trial^a													No of intervention studies where BCT coded as present (n = 53)	% of intervention studies where BCT coded as present
BCT	BCT label	Robertson FitQuest	Seibert No trial name	Smedegaard Move for Wellbeing in School	Sutherland No trial name	Tarp LCoMotion	Tymms Peer mentoring vs control	Tymms Participative learning vs control	van den Berg No trial name	Verloigne UP4FUN - The ENERGY Project	Vik UP4FUN	Wright 100 mile vs control	Wright Chalk vs control	Zhou SPE vs control		% of intervention studies where BCT coded as present
4.1	Instruction on how to perform the behaviour	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	☑	52	98.1
3.1	Social support (unspecified)		☑	☑	☑						☑	☑	☑		27	50.9
12.5	Adding objects to the environment				☑	☑				☑	☑			☑	21	39.6
1.1	Goal setting (behaviour)				☑	☑				☑				☑	19	35.8
2.2	Feedback on behaviour				☑				☑					☑	16	30.2
6.1	Demonstration of the behaviour	☑							☑						15	28.3
1.4	Action planning				☑									☑	15	28.3
8.1	Behavioural practice/rehersal			☑	☑									☑	15	28.3
1.2	Problem solving				☑							☑			11	20.8
2.3	Self-monitoring of behaviour					☑									8	15.1
3.2	Social support (practical)		☑												7	13.2
5.1	Information about health consequences									☑	☑				7	13.2
12.1	Restructuring the environment									☑				☑	6	11.3
1.3	Goal setting (outcome)														5	9.4
7.1	Prompts/cues				☑						☑				5	9.4
2.6	Biofeedback													☑	4	7.5
10.2	Material reward (behaviour)				☑										4	7.5
10.3	Non-specific reward														3	5.7
13.1	Identification of self as role model														3	5.7
13.2	Framing/reframing														3	5.7
1.5	Review behaviour goal(s)														2	3.8
1.6	Discrepancy between current behavior and goal														2	3.8
1.7	Review outcome goal(s)														2	3.8
2.1	Monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback													☑	2	3.8
6.3	Information about others’ approval														2	3.8
1.8	Behavioural contract					☑									1	1.9
2.7	Feedback on outcome(s) of behaviour														1	1.9
4.4	Behavioural experiments														1	1.9
5.3	Information about social and environmental consequences														1	1.9
5.6	Information about emotional consequences														1	1.9
6.2	Social comparison														1	1.9
8.3	Habit formation														1	1.9
8.7	Graded tasks														1	1.9
9.1	Credible source														1	1.9
9.2	Pros and cons														1	1.9
10.4	Social reward														1	1.9
15.1	Verbal persuasion about capability				☑										1	1.9
	Total number of BCTs identified per experimental arm	2	3	3	11	5	1	1	3	5	5	3	2	9
	Total number of BCTs identified per control arm	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Bold indicates BCT coded in both experimental and control arm of intervention; a indicates lead authors last name
^aName of arm cited where more than one training eligible for inclusion within a study

Back to article page

ISSN: 1479-5868

Contact us

Submission enquiries: Access here and click Contact Us
General enquiries: info@biomedcentral.com