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Table 4 Effect modificationa of HEALTH intervention on changes to weight outcomesb by home neighborhood-built environment characteristicsc

From: Does the neighborhood built environment moderate the effectiveness of a weight-loss intervention for mothers with overweight or obesity? Findings from the Healthy Eating and Active Living Taught at Home (HEALTH) study

 

BMI unadjusted models

BMI models adjusted for income

Waist circumference unadjusted models

Waist circumference models adjusted for income

beta

SE

P-value

beta

SE

P-value

beta

SE

P-value

beta

SE

P-value

Urban Design and Transit

 Street Connectivity

  High

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

-1.73

0.88

0.05

-1.73

0.90

0.06

  Low

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

-2.83

0.88

 < 0.01

-2.70

0.92

 < 0.01

 Park Densityd

  High

-2.08

0.61

 < 0.01

-1.95

0.64

 < 0.01

-2.73

0.77

 < 0.01

-2.68

0.79

 < 0.01

  Low

-1.18

0.80

0.14

-1.20

0.85

0.16

-1.68

1.02

0.10

-1.68

1.07

0.12

 Park Distancee

  High

-1.55

0.66

0.02

-1.54

0.70

0.03

-1.47

0.84

0.08

-1.57

0.88

0.08

  Low

-2.23

0.71

 < 0.01

-2.09

0.74

 < 0.01

-3.33

0.90

 < 0.01

-3.17

0.92

 < 0.01

 Metrobus Densityd

  High

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

-1.25

0.90

0.17

-1.06

0.91

0.25

  Low

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

-3.24

0.83

 < 0.01

-3.40

0.87

 < 0.01

 All-transit Densityd

  High

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

-1.25

0.90

0.17

-1.06

0.91

0.25

  Low

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

-3.24

0.83

 < 0.01

-3.40

0.87

 < 0.01

 Metrolink Densityd

  High

-1.43

2.32

0.54

-1.29

2.37

0.59

-3.99

2.93

0.18

-4.04

2.95

0.17

  Low

-1.75

0.50

 < 0.01

-1.69

0.52

 < 0.01

-2.27

0.63

 < 0.01

-2.24

0.65

 < 0.01

 Transit Stop Distancee

  High

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

-3.20

0.83

 < 0.01

-3.20

0.86

 < 0.01

  Low

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

-1.33

0.89

0.14

-1.27

0.91

0.17

Food Environment

 Grocery Store Densityd

  High

-1.41

0.65

0.03

-1.23

0.69

0.08

-1.87

0.82

0.02

-1.54

0.86

0.08

  Low

-2.25

0.75

 < 0.01

-2.31

0.77

 < 0.01

-2.98

0.95

 < 0.01

-3.31

0.96

 < 0.01

 Grocery Store Distancee

  High

-2.56

0.67

 < 0.01

-2.59

0.71

 < 0.01

-3.59

0.84

 < 0.01

-3.67

0.87

 < 0.01

  Low

-0.86

0.71

0.23

-0.69

0.74

0.35

-0.87

0.88

0.33

-0.82

0.91

0.37

 Convenience Store Densitye

  High

-1.08

0.65

0.10

-0.97

0.70

0.17

-1.36

0.81

0.10

-1.35

0.86

0.12

  Low

-2.58

0.73

 < 0.01

-2.50

0.75

 < 0.01

-3.53

0.91

 < 0.01

-3.35

0.93

 < 0.01

 Convenience Store Distancee

  High

-2.73

0.68

 < 0.01

-2.65

0.69

 < 0.01

-3.62

0.85

 < 0.01

-3.45

0.86

 < 0.01

  Low

-0.72

0.69

0.30

-0.58

0.74

0.43

-1.03

0.87

0.24

-1.04

0.92

0.26

 Fast Food Densityd

  High

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

-1.71

0.90

0.06

-1.37

0.91

0.13

  Low

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

-2.93

0.85

 < 0.01

-3.22

0.87

 < 0.01

 Fast Food Distancee

  High

-2.02

0.67

 < 0.01

-1.86

0.71

0.01

-2.63

0.85

 < 0.01

-2.63

0.88

 < 0.01

  Low

-1.43

0.73

0.05

-1.51

0.75

0.05

-1.95

0.92

0.04

-2.01

0.94

0.03

  1. aEffect modification was only explored for built environment characteristics which had a p < 0.15 for the test for interaction of the given built environment characteristic X study arm. Non-explored built environment X study arm combinations are denoted as N/A (non-applicable)
  2. bBody mass index and waist circumference
  3. cResults show changes in weight outcomes from baseline to 24-month follow-up (HEALTH study, 2012–2016)
  4. dDensity variables based on participant centric buffers of varying size and types (Euclidean [EB] and network [NB]). Buffer sizes and types per built environment characteristic were defined based on a sensitivity analysis (refer to online appendix). Street connectivity (500 EB); park, Metrolink, grocery store, and convenience store (1000 EB); Metrobus and all-transit (1500 EB); fast food (1500NB). Density variables dichotomized at the median count of each variable within the determined buffer size and type into high/low. Park, Metrolink, grocery store, convenience store (1); fast food (4); street connectivity, Metrobus, all-transit (21)
  5. eDistance variables dichotomized at the median distance in meters and split into great/close distance. Parks (1325.30); transit stops (972.42); grocery stores (1232.12); convenience stores (1344.60); and fast food (865.38)
  6. Note: Variables measured in meters
  7. Note: Boldface indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05)
  8. Note: Based on final analytic sample (n = 151)