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Table 1 Population characteristics by daily acceleration, daylight exposure and sleep duration (N = 3942)

From: Association of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and daylight exposure with sleep in an ageing population: findings from the Whitehall accelerometer sub-study

Characteristics

Daily mean accelerationa

% waking window > 1000 lxa

Average sleep durationa

<  30.8 mgb

≥ 30.8 mgb

p

<  9.7%b

≥ 9.7%b

p

< 6h39minb

≥ 6h39minb

p

Age (years), M (SD)

70.9 (5.8)

67.8 (5.1)

< 0.001

69.6 (5.8)

69.0 (5.5)

0.001

69.4 (5.7)

69.2 (5.7)

0.314

Women

514 (26.1)

509 (25.8)

0.884

344 (17.5)

679 (34.4)

< 0.001

451 (22.9)

572 (29.0)

< 0.001

Non-white ethnicity

182 (9.2)

107 (5.4)

< 0.001

159 (8.1)

130 (6.6)

0.087

169 (8.6)

120 (6.1)

0.003

High school diploma or above

577 (29.3)

634 (32.2)

0.026

678 (34.4)

533 (27.0)

< 0.001

611 (31.0)

600 (30.4)

0.487

Currently employed

304 (15.4)

446 (22.6)

< 0.001

397 (20.1)

353 (17.9)

0.081

412 (20.9)

338 (17.1)

0.003

Married/cohabiting

1428 (72.5)

1516 (76.9)

< 0.001

1461 (74.1)

1483 (75.2)

0.442

1416 (71.9)

1528 (77.5)

< 0.001

Current smokers

86 (4.4)

42 (2.1)

< 0.001

69 (3.5)

59 (3.0)

0.651

71 (3.6)

57 (2.9)

0.418

1–14 alcohol units/week

1104 (56.0)

1131 (57.4)

< 0.001

1120 (56.8)

1115 (56.6)

0.384

1121 (56.9)

1114 (56.7)

0.949

Daily fruit and vegetable consumption

1504 (76.3)

1630 (82.7)

< 0.001

1542 (78.2)

1592 (80.8)

0.053

1532 (77.8)

1602 (81.2)

0.008

Having naps

1388 (70.4)

1185 (60.1)

< 0.001

1323 (67.1)

1250 (63.4)

0.016

1413 (71.7)

1160 (58.8)

< 0.001

Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2

488 (24.8)

222 (11.3)

< 0.001

353 (17.9)

357 (18.1)

0.267

399 (20.3)

311 (15.8)

< 0.001

Use of sleep medication

302 (15.3)

245 (12.4)

< 0.001

281 (14.3)

266 (13.5)

0.519

272 (13.8)

275 (13.9)

0.937

Number of chronic conditionsc, M (SD)

0.8 (0.9)

0.5 (0.7)

< 0.001

0.7 (0.9)

0.6 (0.8)

0.007

0.7 (0.9)

0.7 (0.9)

0.557

Mean acceleration (mg), M (SD)

24.6 (4.4)

39.2 (7.9)

< 0.001

29.5 (8.8)

34.3 (10.0)

< 0.001

31.8 (9.7)

32.0 (9.8)

0.635

% waking window > 1000 lx, M (SD)

10.2 (9.8)

17.2 (13.9)

< 0.001

4.1 (2.8)

23.3 (11.0)

< 0.001

13.1 (12.1)

14.2 (12.9)

0.005

Sleep duration (minutes), M (SD)

394.6 (60.0)

393.1 (54.0)

0.429

393.0 (58.5)

394.8 (55.7)

0.324

349.8 (41.8)

437.9 (29.9)

< 0.001

  1. Data are N (%), otherwise stated. M mean, SD standard deviation
  2. aData were averaged over the days of the observation period
  3. bMedian value in the study sample
  4. cChronic conditions include diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, cancer, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, depression, dementia, and Parkinson’s disease