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Table 4 Associations between recommendation and overall guideline adherence over time and ASQ scores over time among infants in the questionnaire sample

From: Adherence to Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among infants and associations with development: a longitudinal study

Number of times a recommendation or the overall guidelines is met across the three time points

Communication

Fine motor

Gross motor

Personal-social

Problem solving

Total

B (95%CI)

P value

B (95%CI)

P value

B (95%CI)

P value

B (95%CI)

P value

B (95%CI)

P value

B (95%CI)

P value

Physical activity recommendation

 Tummy time [actual range: 0–3]

0.24 (-0.65,1.13)

0.596

0.94 (-0.12,2.00)

0.082

2.19 (1.29,3.10)

 < 0.001

1.11 (0.17,2.05)

0.020

0.81 (-0.28,1.91)

0.145

5.63 (1.83,9.43)

0.004

Sedentary behaviour recommendation

 Screen time [actual range: 0–3]

-0.13 (-0.85,0.58)

0.713

0.57 (-0.29,1.42)

0.195

0.12 (-0.64,0.88)

0.758

0.40 (-0.37,1.16)

0.307

0.42 (-0.46,1.31)

0.348

1.50 (-1.61,4.61)

0.344

 Reading time [actual range:0–3]

0.59 (-0.38,1.55)

0.234

1.23 (0.08,2.39)

0.036

1.47 (0.46,2.49)

0.005

1.38 (0.36,2.39)

0.008

1.60 (0.42,2.78)

0.008

6.45 (2.31,10.58)

0.002

 Sedentary behaviour definition 1 [actual range:0–3]

0.03 (-0.69,0.76)

0.932

0.50 (-0.37,1.36)

0.261

0.48 (-0.28,1.25)

0.215

0.52 (-0.25,1.28)

0.185

0.62 (-0.27,1.51)

0.172

2.30 (-0.83,5.42)

0.149

Sleep recommendation

 Sleep time [actual range: 0–3]

-0.73 (-1.63,0.16)

0.106

-1.01 (-2.08,0.07)

0.066

-0.96 (-1.91,-0.01)

0.049

-0.27 (-1.23,0.69)

0.579

-0.62 (-1.73,0.49)

0.272

-3.96 (-7.83,-0.08)

0.045

Overall Guidelines

 Physical activity + sedentary behaviour definition 1 + sleep [actual range: 0–3]

-0.17 (-1.18,0.84)

0.744

0.64 (-0.57,1.85)

0.297

0.88 (-0.19,1.95)

0.105

0.97 (-0.09,2.04)

0.074

0.87 (-0.37,2.11)

0.170

3.44 (-0.92,7.81)

0.122

Total number of recommendations

 Physical activity + sedentary behaviour definition 1 + sleep [actual range: 2–9]

-0.12 (-0.59,0.34)

0.607

0.19 (-0.37,0.75)

0.498

0.54 (0.05,1.03)

0.032

0.46 (-0.04,0.95)

0.069

0.31 (-0.26,0.89)

0.286

1.44 (-0.58,3.46)

0.162

  1. Sedentary behaviour definition 1: screen time + reading time
  2. Bold fonts indicate p < 0.05
  3. Participants who had observations for all variables of interest were included in the analyses. In all models, time was included as a repeated and fixed effect and covariates (Baseline: infant sex, infant race/ethnicity, number of siblings, parental marital status, parental education, parental country of birth; Time varying: non-parental care time, parental age) were included as fixed effects
  4. B Unstandardized beta coefficient, CI Confidence interval