Active school commuting in adolescents from 28 countries across Africa, the Americas, and Asia: a temporal trends study

Felez-Nobrega, Mireia; Werneck, André O.; Bauman, Adrian; Haro, Josep Maria; Koyanagi, Ai

doi:10.1186/s12966-022-01404-y

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 2 Trends in prevalence (%) of high levels of active school commuting (≥ 3 days/week) in 28 countries (overall and by sex)

From: Active school commuting in adolescents from 28 countries across Africa, the Americas, and Asia: a temporal trends study

		Overall			Boys			Girls
Country	Year	% [95%CI]	beta^a [95%CI]	p for trend^a	% [95%CI]	beta^a [95%CI]	p for trend^a	% [95%CI]	beta^a [95%CI]	p for trend^a
AFR
Benin	2009	77.3 [73.7,80.6]	-0.15 [-1.14,0.84]	0.758	77.2 [74.6,79.7]	-0.21 [-1.10,0.69]	0.641	78.2 [70.3,84.5]	-0.15 [-1.67,1.36]	0.839
Benin	2016	76.3 [70.0,81.5]			75.8 [69.9,80.8]			77.2 [68.9,83.7]
Mauritius	2007	31.3 [26.8,36.2]	0.03 [-0.56,0.61]	0.923	34.5 [31.2,37.9]	-0.13 [-0.75,0.48]	0.662	28.5 [21.7,36.5]	0.18 [-0.63,0.99]	0.660
	2011	35.0 [30.5,39.8]			37.4 [32.1,43.1]			32.7 [26.6,39.4]
	2017	32.2 [28.9,35.8]			33.7 [29.0,38.8]			30.9 [27.2,34.9]
Namibia	2004	29.6 [26.7,32.6]	0.60 [0.04,1.15]	0.036	28.7 [25.7,31.8]	1.08 [0.47,1.69]	0.001	30.0 [26.2,34.2]	0.28 [-0.40,0.97]	0.414
Namibia	2013	34.9 [31.1,39.0]			38.4 [34.0,42.9]			32.6 [28.2,37.3]
Seychelles	2007	36.4 [35.2,37.6]	-0.93 [-1.28,-0.58]	< 0.001	39.4 [37.3,41.5]	-1.37 [-1.86,-0.88]	< 0.001	33.9 [33.0,34.8]	-0.57 [-1.00,-0.13]	0.011
Seychelles	2015	28.9 [26.5,31.5]			28.4 [25.3,31.9]			29.3 [26.1,32.8]
AMR
Argentina	2007	63.4 [55.4,70.7]	-1.55 [-3.20,0.10]	0.066	60.8 [52.6,68.4]	-0.84 [-2.58,0.91]	0.345	65.9 [57.4,73.5]	-2.20 [-3.95,-0.45]	0.014
Argentina	2012	55.7 [52.8,58.5]			56.6 [53.1,60.0]			54.9 [51.7,58.1]
Guatemala	2009	38.3 [34.9,41.8]	0.15 [-0.76,1.06]	0.745	40.1 [34.8,45.5]	-0.45 [-1.71,0.81]	0.482	36.7 [32.6,41.0]	0.79 [-0.35,1.93]	0.171
Guatemala	2015	39.2 [35.1,43.4]			37.4 [32.4,42.7]			41.5 [36.3,46.8]
Guyana	2004	24.0 [20.3,28.3]	1.02 [-0.10,2.15]	0.074	26.4 [21.5,32.0]	1.08 [-0.34,2.51]	0.130	22.2 [17.7,27.6]	0.86 [-0.40,2.12]	0.175
Guyana	2010	30.2 [25.3,35.5]			32.9 [27.0,39.5]			27.4 [22.4,33.0]
Suriname	2009	45.8 [39.0,52.7]	-1.26 [-2.64,0.12]	0.071	46.3 [39.7,53.0]	-0.95 [-2.42,0.52]	0.196	45.4 [37.4,53.8]	-1.61 [-3.19,-0.03]	0.047
Suriname	2016	37.0 [31.1,43.3]			39.6 [32.7,47.0]			34.2 [28.0,41.0]
Trinidad & Tobago	2007	17.0 [14.7,19.7]	0.55 [0.16,0.93]	0.006	17.3 [13.2,22.4]	0.66 [0.05,1.26]	0.033	16.5 [13.1,20.5]	0.49 [-0.06,1.04]	0.080
	2011	22.2 [19.1,25.8]			23.6 [20.0,27.7]			21.0 [16.5,26.3]
	2017	22.7 [20.0,25.7]			24.2 [20.7,28.0]			21.6 [17.9,25.9]
Uruguay	2006	66.9 [63.7,69.9]	-1.71 [-2.72,-0.69]	0.001	67.1 [63.5,70.4]	-1.55 [-2.65,-0.44]	0.007	66.7 [63.0,70.2]	-1.85 [-3.00,-0.70]	0.002
Uruguay	2012	56.6 [51.4,61.7]			57.8 [52.2,63.2]			55.6 [49.8,61.3]
EMR
Egypt	2006	45.8 [36.9,55.0]	0.63 [-1.71,2.96]	0.593	39.6 [31.5,48.3]	1.06 [-1.47,3.58]	0.404	52.6 [40.9,64.0]	0.01 [-3.06,3.08]	0.996
Egypt	2011	48.9 [42.1,55.8]			44.9 [36.2,53.9]			52.6 [43.4,61.7]
Jordan	2004	37.4 [34.1,40.9]	-0.00 [-1.88,1.88]	1.000	36.1 [31.1,41.3]	0.87 [-1.14,2.87]	0.379	38.7 [34.9,42.6]	-0.78 [-3.75,2.18]	0.593
Jordan	2007	37.4 [33.4,41.7]			38.7 [36.2,41.3]			36.4 [29.2,44.2]
Kuwait	2011	18.1 [15.5,21.1]	-0.17 [-1.82,1.47]	0.830	30.4 [27.0,34.0]	-2.52 [-4.24,-0.81]	0.006	5.2 [3.8,7.0]	2.31 [0.69,3.94]	0.007
Kuwait	2015	17.4 [12.5,23.8]			20.3 [15.3,26.4]			14.4 [9.4,21.5]
Lebanon	2011	15.0 [9.9,22.0]	0.73 [-0.35,1.81]	0.177	14.9 [9.7,22.2]	1.44 [0.28,2.59]	0.016	15.0 [9.6,22.8]	0.13 [-1.07,1.33]	0.831
Lebanon	2017	19.4 [17.5,21.3]			23.5 [21.0,26.1]			15.8 [13.5,18.4]
Morocco	2006	34.0 [29.9,38.3]	1.15 [0.53,1.78]	0.001	35.2 [30.6,40.0]	0.88 [0.29,1.47]	0.004	32.7 [28.3,37.5]	1.47 [0.64,2.29]	0.001
	2010	55.5 [52.1,58.8]			55.5 [52.5,58.5]			55.6 [49.8,61.2]
	2016	48.9 [44.6,53.4]			47.3 [43.8,50.9]			51.0 [44.7,57.3]
Oman	2005	21.1 [19.2,23.2]	-0.51 [-0.86,-0.16]	0.004	23.5 [20.8,26.4]	-0.30 [-0.80,0.19]	0.225	18.7 [15.3,22.7]	-0.67 [-1.14,-0.21]	0.005
	2010	17.2 [14.0,20.9]			21.1 [17.8,24.8]			13.2 [9.6,18.0]
	2015	16.2 [13.6,19.2]			20.6 [16.8,25.0]			12.2 [9.9,15.0]
UAE	2005	10.3 [8.7, 12.2]	-0.11 [-0.36,0.15]	0.407	14.6 [12.6,16.8]	-0.38 [-0.65,-0.11]	0.007	6.4 [4.6,8.8]	0.10 [-0.21,0.41]	0.512
	2010	11.4 [8.7,14.7]			18.1 [13.3,24.2]			7.0 [5.5,8.9]
	2016	9.3 [7.4,11.5]			10.8 [9.0,13.0]			7.5 [5.3,10.6]
Yemen	2008	23.5 [17.5,30.7]	-0.11 [-1.55,1.34]	0.882	23.4 [17.7,30.3]	0.88 [-0.76,2.52]	0.281	24.7 [12.7,42.6]	-1.54 [-4.26,1.18]	0.257
Yemen	2014	22.8 [18.2,28.2]			28.7 [22.2,36.1]			15.5 [12.2,19.5]
SEAR
Indonesia	2007	51.1 [44.2,57.9]	-2.13 [-3.29,-0.96]	0.001	49.1[41.6,56.6]	-1.79 [-3.02,-0.56]	0.005	53.0 [45.9,60.0]	-2.45 [-3.66,-1.25]	< 0.001
Indonesia	2015	34.1 [28.3,40.4]			34.8 [29.1,41.0]			33.4 [27.4,40.0]
Myanmar	2007	69.2 [63.8,74.2]	0.13 [-0.62,0.88]	0.730	69.3 [63.7,74.3]	0.17 [-0.57,0.91]	0.645	69.2 [62.8,75.0]	0.12 [-0.82,1.06]	0.798
Myanmar	2016	70.4 [66.2,74.3]			70.8 [66.8,74.5]			70.3 [64.5,75.5]
Sri Lanka	2008	50.2 [46.5,53.8]	-0.22 [-0.97,0.52]	0.551	51.3 [46.0,56.5]	0.01 [-0.93,0.95]	0.984	48.9 [44.3,53.5]	-0.41 [-1.55,0.73]	0.472
Sri Lanka	2016	48.4 [43.9,52.9]			51.4 [46.4,56.3]			45.7 [38.3,53.2]
Thailand	2008	33.1 [29.0,37.5]	0.21 [-0.52,0.95]	0.562	32.2 [26.9,37.8]	0.07 [-0.87,1.00]	0.887	34.0 [29.6,38.7]	0.36 [-0.53,1.25]	0.420
Thailand	2015	34.6 [32.0,37.3]			32.6 [29.4,36.0]			36.5 [32.6,40.5]
WPR
Cook Islands	2011	39.0 [39.0,39.0]	1.94 [0.31,3.56]	0.020	37.6 [37.6,37.6]	2.73 [0.38,5.08]	0.024	40.5 [40.5,40.5]	0.94 [-0.83,2.71]	0.291
Cook Islands	2015	46.7 [40.5,53.1]			48.5 [39.6,57.6]			44.2 [37.5,51.2]
Fiji	2010	29.1 [25.1,33.4]	0.57 [-0.42,1.56]	0.245	29.2 [25.2,33.6]	0.44 [-0.68,1.56]	0.427	29.0 [24.3,34.2]	0.54 [-0.52,1.61]	0.305
Fiji	2016	32.5 [28.8,36.5]			31.9 [27.2,36.9]			32.3 [28.7,36.0]
Philippines	2007	26.7 [22.5,31.3]	0.82 [0.03,1.61	0.043	25.3 [20.5,30.8]	0.80 [-0.080,1.67]	0.075	27.8 [23.4,32.7]	0.86 [0.01, 1.70]	0.047
	2011	33.8 [28.4,39.7]			33.1 [26.1,41.1]			34.3 [29.9,38.9]
	2015	34.2 [30.2,38.4]			33.0 [29.0,37.2]			35.4 [30.9,40.1]
Samoa	2011	36.4 [34.3,38.5]	-3.41 [-4.11,-2.72]	< 0.001	37.2 [33.6,40.9]	-3.56 [-4.68,-2.45]	< 0.001	34.8 [32.8,36.7]	-3.09 [-3.69,-2.50]	< 0.001
Samoa	2017	15.9 [12.7,19.7]			15.8 [11.1,22.0]			16.2 [13.5,19.3]
Tonga	2010	38.8 [35.7,41.9]	-0.58 [-1.14,-0.01]	0.045	40.7 [36.0,45.7]	-0.72 [-1.56,0.12]	0.091	37.1 [33.6,40.8]	-0.50 [-1.19,0.19]	0.155
Tonga	2017	34.7 [32.4,37.2]			35.7 [32.5,39.0]			33.6 [30.5,36.8]
Vanuatu	2011	64.7 [50.4,76.8]	-5.70 [-6.54,-4.87]	< 0.001	65.1 [51.5,76.5]	-5.82 [-7.13, -4.51]	< 0.001	64.8 [48.1,78.4]	-5.67 [-6.77, -4.58]	< 0.001
Vanuatu	2016	36.4 [32.4,40.5]			37.7 [31.7,44.1]			35.2 [29.9,40.9]

Abbreviation: CI Confidence interval, AFR African Region, AMR Region of the Americas, EMR Eastern Mediterranean Region, SEAR South-East Asia Region, WPR Western Pacific Region, UAE United Arab Emirates
^aThe beta and P for trend are based on linear regression including survey year as a continuous variable. The beta can be interpreted as the average percentage point change in prevalence per year

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ISSN: 1479-5868

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