Table 1 Participation levels and determinants of participation in educational or counselling worksite health promotion programmes
From: Determinants of participation in worksite health promotion programmes: a systematic review
Study | Study design | Study population | Worksite health promotion programme | Participation level | Determinants of participation | OR [95%CI] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Franklin 2006 [16] | cohort | Employees of an insurance company (n = 960) | Daily e-mail messages with links self-monitoring on nutrition and physical activity over 6 months. | 40% (n = 388) (n = 345 completed baseline health survey) | male gender age (30–49) age (50+) white ethnicity married income, $30.000–$59.999 income, > $59.999 | 0.34 [0.24–0.49]* 1.30 [0.72–2.33] 1.47 [0.79–2.74] 1.22 [0.78–1.93] 1.43 [1.08–1.91]* 1.50 [1.08–2.09]* 0.90 [0.58–1.41] |
Thomas 2006 [20] | cohort | Government employees (n = 3500) | 1 information session with goal setting and subsequent pedometer use and e-mail support to increase physical activity over 4 weeks. | 34% (n = 1195) (n = 927 provided demographic information) | male gender age (30–49) age (50+) | 0.46 [0.39–0.54]* 0.73 [0.60–0.89]* 0.82 [0.66–1.02] |
McCarty 2005 [19] | cohort | Employees of a health care system (n = 6539) | Self-monitoring and weekly e-mail support to increase physical activity and a healthy diet over a 16-week period | 17% (n = 1129) | male gender | 0.10 [0.08–0.14]* |
Marshall 2003 [17] | RCT | University employees (n = 1409, results on n = 800 responded to questionnaire) | 8 week programme with printed (I1) or website (I2) education and 4 reinforcement moments respectively by letter and e-mail. | 46% (n = 655) | male gender age (yrs, mean) intermediate or high education married BMI (kg/m2, mean) good or excellent general health full-time employment academic job classification | 0.77 [0.53–1.10] Δ = 0 yrs; d = 0.00 0.70 [0.46–1.07] 1.15 [0.78–1.70] Δ = 1 kg/m2; d = 0.14 0.69 [0.37–1.27] 0.69 [0.41–1.16] 0.79 [0.55–1.14] |
Cornfeld 2002 [15] | cohort | Employees and spouses of 6 companies (n = 21396) | 1-time health risk assessment with personalized feedback letters on cancer risk factors | 21% (n = 4395) | male gender age (yrs, mean) Caucasian ethnicity | 1.16 [1.09–1.24]* P: 44.8; all: 43.0 4.05 [3.52–4.67]* |
Gold 2000 [21] | nonrandomized controlled trial | Employees of 6 organizations from the private and public sector (n = 1741) | Education materials, followed by 6-monthly telephone counselling sessions for 12 to 24 months on 7 risk areas (physical activity, nutrition, weight, smoking, stress management, back care, and cholesterol control) | 35% (n = 607) | male gender age (yrs, mean) # health risks (lifestyle areas, 0–13) | 1.13 [0.93–1.38] Δ = -1 yr Δ = -0.34 health risks* |
Blake 1996 [14] | cohort community intervention trial | Employees in businesses participating in the Minnesota Heart Health Program intervention (n = 17626) | 3 exercise competitions between companies with recording the type and minutes of daily exercise. | 37% (n = 6495) | male gender company size, 45–500 employees company size, > 500 employees | 0.28 [0.26–0.31]* 0.22 [0.19–0.25]* 0.09 [0.08–0.10]* |
Hooper 1995 [22] | cross-sectional | University employees and spouses (n = 338) | Self-monitoring to increase physical activity over a period of 20 weeks. | 30% (n = 103) | male gender higher education white ethnicity married full-time employment faculty employees | 1.20 [0.70–2.07] 1.06 [0.66–1.71] 1.18 [0.45–3.11] 0.91 [0.50–1.66] 1.86 [1.01–3.43]* 0.68 [0.40–1.13] |
Baer 1993 [13] | Nonrandomized controlled trial | Management-level male employees with elevated total cholesterol levels (n = 70) | An individual instruction, every 3 months group meetings, and monthly telephone support to decrease cholesterol level. | 47% (n = 33) | age (yrs, mean) aerobic activity (days/wk, mean) cholesterol level > 6.17 weight (kg, mean) % body fat (mean) non smoker | Δ = 9 yrs*; d = 2.55 Δ = 0 days/wk; d = 0.00 14.3 [4.2–50.0]* Δ = 1 kg; d = 0.39 Δ = 1%; d = 0.24 3.00 [0.56–16.03] |
Mavis 1992 [18] | cross-sectional | Stratified sample of university employees (n = 110 invited, 81% response) | Health fair and health habit modification programmes on exercise, weight control, stress management and smoking cessation. | 25% of respondents (n = 22) | male gender age (yrs, mean) married/cohabiting income above $30.000 faculty employees (vs clerical/support) | 0.30 [0.11–0.83]* Δ = 5.6* 1.89 [0.70–5.11] 0.62 [0.19–2.03] 0.11 [0.02–0.60]* |