Articles

Choice architecture interventions to change physical activity and sedentary behavior: a systematic review of effects on intention, behavior and health outcomes during and after intervention

Choice architecture interventions, which subtly change the environment in which individuals make decisions, can be used to promote behavior change. This systematic review aimed to summarize studies on micro-en...

Authors: Lorraine L. Landais, Olga C. Damman, Linda J. Schoonmade, Danielle R. M. Timmermans, Evert A. L. M. Verhagen and Judith G. M. Jelsma

Daring to share requires intentional and collective commitment to civil discourse

Communicating and challenging ideas through written scholarly dialogue is a cornerstone of scientific progress. In the current social and political climate, it is important to reflect upon what constitutes app...

Authors: Michael W. Beets, R. Glenn Weaver and Keith Brazendale

Methods for accounting for neighbourhood self-selection in physical activity and dietary behaviour research: a systematic review

Self-selection into residential neighbourhoods is a widely acknowledged, but under-studied problem in research investigating neighbourhood influences on physical activity and diet. Failure to handle neighbourh...

Authors: Karen E. Lamb, Lukar E. Thornton, Tania L. King, Kylie Ball, Simon R. White, Rebecca Bentley, Neil T. Coffee and Mark Daniel

A social marketing perspective of young adults' concepts of eating for health: is it a question of morality?

Poor dietary choices are a risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Young adults have low levels of engagement towards their health and may not see the importance in the adoption of healthy eating behaviours...

Authors: Linda Brennan, Karen Klassen, Enqi Weng, Shinyi Chin, Annika Molenaar, Michael Reid, Helen Truby and Tracy A. McCaffrey

Recent changes in the Dutch foodscape: socioeconomic and urban-rural differences

Obesogenic food environments may influence dietary behaviours and contribute to obesity. Few countries quantified changes in their foodscape. We explored how the availability of different types of food retaile...

Authors: Maria Gabriela M. Pinho, Joreintje D. Mackenbach, Nicole R. den Braver, Joline J. W. Beulens, Johannes Brug and Jeroen Lakerveld

Variations in accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time across Europe – harmonized analyses of 47,497 children and adolescents

Levels of physical activity and variation in physical activity and sedentary time by place and person in European children and adolescents are largely unknown. The objective of the study was to assess the vari...

Authors: Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Bjørge Herman Hansen, Knut Eirik Dalene, Elin Kolle, Kate Northstone, Niels Christian Møller, Anders Grøntved, Niels Wedderkopp, Susi Kriemler, Angie S. Page, Jardena J. Puder, John J. Reilly, Luis B. Sardinha, Esther M. F. van Sluijs, Lars Bo Andersen, Hidde van der Ploeg…

Population-level physical activity surveillance in young people: are accelerometer-based measures ready for prime time?

Authors: Stewart G Trost

Effectiveness of prescribing physical activity in parks to improve health and wellbeing - the park prescription randomized controlled trial

Programs promoting population health through physical activity (PA) and exposure to nature are popular, but few have been evaluated in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs).

Authors: Falk Müller-Riemenschneider, Nicholas Petrunoff, Jiali Yao, Alwyn Ng, Angelia Sia, Anbumalar Ramiah, Michael Wong, Jane Han, Bee Choo Tai and Léonie Uijtdewilligen

Estimating physical activity from self-reported behaviours in large-scale population studies using network harmonisation: findings from UK Biobank and associations with disease outcomes

UK Biobank is a large prospective cohort study containing accelerometer-based physical activity data with strong validity collected from 100,000 participants approximately 5 years after baseline. In contrast, ...

Authors: Matthew Pearce, Tessa Strain, Youngwon Kim, Stephen J. Sharp, Kate Westgate, Katrien Wijndaele, Tomas Gonzales, Nicholas J. Wareham and Søren Brage

Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time in a cohort of US adults followed for up to 13 years: the influence of removing early follow-up on associations with mortality

Observational studies linking physical activity with mortality are susceptible to reverse causation bias from undiagnosed and prevalent diseases. Researchers often attempt to deal with reverse causation bias b...

Authors: Jakob Tarp, Bjørge Herman Hansen, Morten Wang Fagerland, Jostein Steene-Johannessen, Sigmund Alfred Anderssen and Ulf Ekelund

Changes in and the mediating role of physical activity in relation to active school transport, fitness and adiposity among Spanish youth: the UP&DOWN longitudinal study

Longitudinal changes in child and adolescent active school transport (AST), and the mediating role of different intensities of daily physical activity (PA) levels in relation to AST and physical fitness and ad...

Authors: Daniel Camiletti-Moirón, Anna Timperio, Jenny Veitch, Jorge Del Rosario Fernández-Santos, Gavin Abbott, Álvaro Delgado-Alfonso, Veronica Cabanas-Sanchez, Oscar L. Veiga, Jo Salmon and José Castro-Piñero

Prospective associations with physiological, psychosocial and educational outcomes of meeting Australian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for the Early Years

Several countries have released movement guidelines for children under 5 that incorporate guidelines for sleep, physical activity and sedentary behavior. This study examines prospective associations of prescho...

Authors: Trina Hinkley, Anna Timperio, Amanda Watson, Rachel L. Duckham, Anthony D. Okely, Dylan Cliff, Alison Carver and Kylie D. Hesketh

Content validity and methodological considerations in ecological momentary assessment studies on physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a systematic review

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a method of collecting real-time data based on repeated measures and observations that take place in participant’s daily environment. EMA has many advantages over more ...

Authors: L. Degroote, A. DeSmet, I. De Bourdeaudhuij, D. Van Dyck and G. Crombez

Sedentary behaviour surveillance in Canada: trends, challenges and lessons learned

Historical changes in the nature of sedentary activities have been observed in other countries, but it is not clear if similar trends exist in Canada. It is also unclear how changes in the measurement of seden...

Authors: Stephanie A. Prince, Alexandria Melvin, Karen C. Roberts, Gregory P. Butler and Wendy Thompson

“Food” and “non-food” self-regulation in childhood: a review and reciprocal analysis

In developmental science, there is an extensive literature on non-food related self-regulation in childhood, where several domains relating to emotions, actions and cognitions have been identified. There is no...

Authors: Catherine G. Russell and Alan Russell

A cross-sectional study of obesogenic behaviours and family rules according to family structure in European children

There has been an increase in children growing up in non-traditional families, such as single-parent and blended families. Children from such families have a higher prevalence of obesity and poorer health outc...

Authors: Katharina Stahlmann, Antje Hebestreit, Stefaan DeHenauw, Monica Hunsberger, Jaakko Kaprio, Lauren Lissner, Dénes Molnár, Alelí M. Ayala-Marín, Lucia A. Reisch, Paola Russo, Michael Tornaritis, Toomas Veidebaum, Hermann Pohlabeln and Leonie H. Bogl

A comparison of self-reported and device measured sedentary behaviour in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sedentary behaviour (SB) is a risk factor for chronic disease and premature mortality. While many individual studies have examined the reliability and validity of various self-report measures for assessing SB,...

Authors: Stephanie A. Prince, Luca Cardilli, Jennifer L. Reed, Travis J. Saunders, Chris Kite, Kevin Douillette, Karine Fournier and John P. Buckley

Five-year cost-effectiveness analysis of the European Fans in Training (EuroFIT) physical activity intervention for men versus no intervention

Increasing physical activity reduces the risk of chronic illness including Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. Lifestyle interventions can increase physical activity but few su...

Authors: Spyros Kolovos, Aureliano P. Finch, Hidde P. van der Ploeg, Femke van Nassau, Hana M. Broulikova, Agni Baka, Shaun Treweek, Cindy M. Gray, Judith G. M. Jelsma, Christopher Bunn, Glyn C. Roberts, Marlene N. Silva, Jason M. R. Gill, Øystein Røynesdal, Willem van Mechelen, Eivind Andersen…

Compositional analysis of the associations between 24-h movement behaviours and cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese adults with pre-diabetes from the PREVIEW study: cross-sectional baseline analysis

Physical activity, sedentary time and sleep have been shown to be associated with cardio-metabolic health. However, these associations are typically studied in isolation or without accounting for the effect of...

Authors: Nils Swindell, Paul Rees, Mikael Fogelholm, Mathijs Drummen, Ian MacDonald, J. Alfredo Martinez, Santiago Navas-Carretero, Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska, Nadka Boyadjieva, Georgi Bogdanov, Sally D. Poppitt, Nicholas Gant, Marta P. Silvestre, Jennie Brand-Miller, Wolfgang Schlicht, Roslyn Muirhead…

Social return on investment (SROI) method to evaluate physical activity and sport interventions: a systematic review

Physical Activity and Sport (PAS) interventions can reduce the social and economic burden of non-communicable diseases and improve the wellbeing of the population. Social return on investment (SROI) has the ca...

Authors: Véronique Gosselin, Dorothée Boccanfuso and Suzanne Laberge

Cardiorespiratory fitness and accelerometer-determined physical activity following one year of free-living high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training: a randomized trial

Free-living adherence to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has not been adequately tested. This randomized trial examined changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and accelerometer-measured purposeful ...

Authors: M. E. Jung, S. R. Locke, J. E. Bourne, M. R. Beauchamp, T. Lee, J. Singer, M. MacPherson, J. Barry, C. Jones and J. P. Little

Commercial app use linked with sustained physical activity in two Canadian provinces: a 12-month quasi-experimental study

Top tier commercial physical activity apps rarely undergo peer-reviewed evaluation. Even fewer are assessed beyond six months, the theoretical threshold for behaviour maintenance. The purpose of this study was...

Authors: Marc Mitchell, Erica Lau, Lauren White and Guy Faulkner

Patterns and predictors of exercise behavior during 24 months of follow-up after a supervised exercise program during breast cancer chemotherapy

Understanding the longer-term exercise behavior of patients with breast cancer after chemotherapy is important to promote sustained exercise. The purpose of the current study was to report the longer-term patt...

Authors: Ki-Yong An, Dong-Woo Kang, Andria R. Morielli, Christine M. Friedenreich, Robert D. Reid, Donald C. McKenzie, Karen Gelmon, John R. Mackey and Kerry S. Courneya

A randomized controlled trial examining consumers’ perceptions and opinions on using different versions of a FoodFlip© smartphone application for delivery of nutrition information

Food labelling is a common intervention to improve diets, where the back-of-pack Nutrition Information Panel (or Nutrition Facts table (NFt)) provides comprehensive nutrition information on food packages. Howe...

Authors: Mavra Ahmed, Angela Oh, Lana Vanderlee, Beatriz Franco-Arellano, Alyssa Schermel, Wendy Lou and Mary R. L’Abbé

Reductions to main meal portion sizes reduce daily energy intake regardless of perceived normality of portion size: a 5 day cross-over laboratory experiment

Smaller portions may help to reduce energy intake. However, there may be a limit to the magnitude of the portion size reduction that can be made before consumers respond by increasing intake of other food imme...

Authors: Ashleigh Haynes, Charlotte A. Hardman, Jason C. G. Halford, Susan A. Jebb, Bethan R. Mead and Eric Robinson

Clusters of diet, physical activity, television exposure and sleep habits and their association with adiposity in preschool children: the EDEN mother-child cohort

Despite the growing interest in the relation between adiposity in children and different lifestyle clusters, few studies used a longitudinal design to examine a large range of behaviors in various contexts, in...

Authors: Cécilia Saldanha-Gomes, Matthieu Marbac, Mohammed Sedki, Maxime Cornet, Sabine Plancoulaine, Marie-Aline Charles, Sandrine Lioret and Patricia Dargent-Molina

Identification and evaluation of risk of generalizability biases in pilot versus efficacy/effectiveness trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Preliminary evaluations of behavioral interventions, referred to as pilot studies, predate the conduct of many large-scale efficacy/effectiveness trial. The ability of a pilot study to inform an efficacy/effec...

Authors: Michael W. Beets, R. Glenn Weaver, John P. A. Ioannidis, Marco Geraci, Keith Brazendale, Lindsay Decker, Anthony D. Okely, David Lubans, Esther van Sluijs, Russell Jago, Gabrielle Turner-McGrievy, James Thrasher, Xiaming Li and Andrew J. Milat

The new child food package is associated with reduced obesity risk among formula fed infants participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) in Los Angeles County, California, 2003–2016

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) changed the food packages provided to its participants in 2009, to better align them with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. ...

Authors: M. Pia Chaparro, Christopher E. Anderson, Catherine M. Crespi, May C. Wang and Shannon E. Whaley

A systematic evaluation of digital nutrition promotion websites and apps for supporting parents to influence children’s nutrition

Globally children’s diet quality is poor. Parents are primary gatekeepers to children’s food intake; however, reaching and engaging parents in nutrition promotion can be challenging. With growth in internet an...

Authors: Dorota Zarnowiecki, Chelsea E. Mauch, Georgia Middleton, Louisa Matwiejczyk, Wendy L. Watson, Jane Dibbs, Anita Dessaix and Rebecca K. Golley

Comparing and assessing physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents: a systematic literature review and analysis

The impact of declining physical activity and increased sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents globally prompted the development of national and international physical activity guidelines. This resear...

Authors: Anne-Maree Parrish, Mark S. Tremblay, Stephanie Carson, Sanne L. C. Veldman, Dylan Cliff, Stewart Vella, Kar Hau Chong, Maria Nacher, Borja del Pozo Cruz, Yvonne Ellis, Salome Aubert, Billie Spaven, Mohd Jamil Sameeha, Zhuiguang Zhang and Anthony D. Okely

The effect of moving to East Village, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes' Village, on mode of travel (ENABLE London study, a natural experiment)

Interventions to encourage active modes of travel (walking, cycling) may improve physical activity levels, but longitudinal evidence is limited and major change in the built environment / travel infrastructure...

Authors: Elizabeth S. Limb, Duncan S. Procter, Ashley R. Cooper, Angie S. Page, Claire M. Nightingale, Bina Ram, Aparna Shankar, Christelle Clary, Daniel Lewis, Steven Cummins, Anne Ellaway, Billie Giles-Corti, Peter H. Whincup, Alicja R. Rudnicka, Derek G. Cook and Christopher G. Owen

Infants’ and toddlers’ physical activity and sedentary time as measured by accelerometry: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Early experiences in physical activity (PA) are important to shape healthy movement behaviours long-term; as such, it is critical that PA is promoted from infancy, and that detrimental behaviours (e.g., prolon...

Authors: Brianne A. Bruijns, Stephanie Truelove, Andrew M. Johnson, Jason Gilliland and Patricia Tucker

Using a multi-stakeholder experience-based design process to co-develop the Creating Active Schools Framework

UK and global policies recommend whole-school approaches to improve childrens’ inadequate physical activity (PA) levels. Yet, recent meta-analyses establish current interventions as ineffective due to suboptim...

Authors: Andy Daly-Smith, Thomas Quarmby, Victoria S. J. Archbold, Nicola Corrigan, Dan Wilson, Geir K. Resaland, John B. Bartholomew, Amika Singh, Hege E. Tjomsland, Lauren B. Sherar, Anna Chalkley, Ash C. Routen, Darren Shickle, Daniel D. Bingham, Sally E. Barber, Esther van Sluijs…

German recommendations for physical activity and physical activity promotion in adults with noncommunicable diseases

Existing physical activity guidelines predominantly focus on healthy age-stratified target groups. The objective of this study was to develop evidence-based recommendations for physical activity (PA) and PA pr...

Authors: Wolfgang Geidl, Karim Abu-Omar, Mayra Weege, Sven Messing and Klaus Pfeifer

Effects of physical activity programs on sleep outcomes in older adults: a systematic review

One in two older adults report sleep problems, which not only cause fatigue, but also negatively affect general functioning, activities of daily living, and physical and mental health. Although it is known tha...

Authors: J. Vanderlinden, F. Boen and J. G. Z. van Uffelen

Socioeconomic position and the impact of increasing availability of lower energy meals vs. menu energy labelling on food choice: two randomized controlled trials in a virtual fast-food restaurant

Food consumed outside of the home is often high in energy and population level interventions that reduce energy intake of people from both lower and higher socioeconomic position (SEP) are needed. There is a l...

Authors: Lucile Marty, Andrew Jones and Eric Robinson

Mechanisms underpinning the association between physical activity and mental health in adolescence: a 6-year study

Physical activity (PA) can promote mental health, but the mechanisms underpinning this association are not well-established. This study examined if perceptions of three basic psychological needs (autonomy, com...

Authors: Isabelle Doré, Benjamin Sylvester, Catherine Sabiston, Marie-Pierre Sylvestre, Jennifer O’Loughlin, Jennifer Brunet and Mathieu Bélanger

Strategies used by the Canadian food and beverage industry to influence food and nutrition policies

Unhealthy food environments contribute to the rising rates of obesity and diet-related diseases. To improve the Canadian nutritional landscape, Health Canada launched the Healthy Eating Strategy in October 2016 w...

Authors: D. Vandenbrink, E. Pauzé and M. Potvin Kent

Neighbourhood drivability: environmental and individual characteristics associated with car use across Europe

Car driving is a form of passive transportation associated with higher sedentary behaviour, which is associated with morbidity. The decision to drive a car is likely to be influenced by the ‘drivability’ of th...

Authors: Nicolette R. den Braver, Julia G. Kok, Joreintje D. Mackenbach, Harry Rutter, Jean-Michel Oppert, Sofie Compernolle, Jos W. R. Twisk, Johannes Brug, Joline W. J. Beulens and Jeroen Lakerveld

What hinders and helps academics to conduct Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) research in the field of nutrition and physical activity? An international perspective

Ineffective research-practice translation is a major challenge to population health improvement. This paper presents an international perspective on the barriers and facilitators associated with the uptake of ...

Authors: Harriet Koorts, Patti-Jean Naylor, Rachel Laws, Penelope Love, Jaimie-Lee Maple and Femke van Nassau

‘Jump start’ childcare-based intervention to promote physical activity in pre-schoolers: six-month findings from a cluster randomised trial

Participation in adequate levels of physical activity during the early years is important for health and development. We report the 6-month effects of an 18-month multicomponent intervention on physical activi...

Authors: Anthony D. Okely, Rebecca M. Stanley, Rachel A. Jones, Dylan P. Cliff, Stewart G. Trost, Donna Berthelsen, Jo Salmon, Marijka Batterham, Simon Eckermann, John J. Reilly, Ngiare Brown, Karen J. Mickle, Steven J. Howard, Trina Hinkley, Xanne Janssen, Paul Chandler…

‘Social screens’ and ‘the mainstream’: longitudinal competitors of non-organized physical activity in the transition from childhood to adolescence

Physical activity (PA) tends to decline during late childhood and adolescence. In Australia, this decline has been shown to occur particularly in non-organized PA (e.g. active play and informal sport). Using a...

Authors: Byron J. Kemp, Anne-Maree Parrish and Dylan P. Cliff

How to grow a successful – and happy – research team

Changing academic landscapes, including the increasing focus on performance rankings and metrics, are impacting universities globally, contributing to high-pressure environments and anxious academic staff. How...

Authors: Kylie Ball and David Crawford

Childhood fussy/picky eating behaviours: a systematic review and synthesis of qualitative studies

Fussy/picky eating behaviours are common across childhood. Recent reviews of the fussy eating literature focus on quantitative research and do not adequately account for families’ subjective experiences, perce...

Authors: Hazel Wolstenholme, Colette Kelly, Marita Hennessy and Caroline Heary

Bi-directional prospective associations between objectively measured physical activity and fundamental motor skills in children: a two-year follow-up

The direction of the longitudinal relationship between physical activity (PA) and fundamental motor skills (FMS) remains unclear. We evaluated the bi-directional, prospective relationships between intensity-sp...

Authors: Ada Kristine Ofrim Nilsen, Sigmund Alfred Anderssen, Kjersti Johannessen, Katrine Nyvoll Aadland, Einar Ylvisaaker, Jan Morten Loftesnes and Eivind Aadland

Adolescents’ physical activity: cross-national comparisons of levels, distributions and disparities across 52 countries

Despite global concerns regarding physical inactivity, limited cross-national evidence exists to compare adolescents’ physical activity participation. We analysed data from 52 high- and low-middle income count...

Authors: David Bann, Shaun Scholes, Meg Fluharty and Nikki Shure

Rural physical activity interventions in the United States: a systematic review and RE-AIM evaluation

Previous reviews of rural physical activity interventions were focused on intervention effectiveness and had reported overall mixed findings. The purpose of this systematic review was to apply the Reach, Efficacy...

Authors: Nishat Bhuiyan, Pritika Singh, Samantha M. Harden and Scherezade K. Mama

Longitudinal association of changes in diet with changes in body weight and waist circumference in subjects at high cardiovascular risk: the PREDIMED trial

Consumption of certain foods is associated with long-term weight gains and abdominal fat accumulation in healthy, middle-aged and young, non-obese participants. Whether the same foods might be associated with ...

Authors: Jadwiga Konieczna, Dora Romaguera, Veronica Pereira, Miguel Fiol, Cristina Razquin, Ramón Estruch, Eva M. Asensio, Nancy Babio, Montserrat Fitó, Enrique Gómez-Gracia, Emilio Ros, José Lapetra, Fernando Arós, Lluís Serra-Majem, Xavier Pintó, Estefanía Toledo…

The relationship between physical activity, mental wellbeing and symptoms of mental health disorder in adolescents: a cohort study

Mental illness is a worldwide public health concern. In the UK, there is a high prevalence of mental illness and poor mental wellbeing among young people. The aim of this study was to investigate whether physi...

Authors: Sarah Louise Bell, Suzanne Audrey, David Gunnell, Ashley Cooper and Rona Campbell

Correction to: Individualized home-based exercise and nutrition interventions improve frailty in older adults: a randomized controlled trial

Following publication of the original article [1], the author reported that an abbreviation was incorrect in the original article;

Authors: Tsung-Jen Hsieh, Shin-Chang Su, Chun-Wei Chen, Yaw-Wen Kang, Ming-Hsia Hu, Li-Lin Hsu, Szu-Yun Wu, Likwang Chen, Hsing-Yi Chang, Shao-Yuan Chuang, Wen-Harn Pan and Chih-Cheng Hsu