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Table 3 Adjusted mean (and 95%CI) of cardio-metabolic biomarkers by TV screen time

From: Television screen time, but not computer use and reading time, is associated with cardio-metabolic biomarkers in a multiethnic Asian population: a cross-sectional study

 

TV screen time (hours/day)

   

p for trend

 

<1 (Reference category)

1- 1.99

2-2.99

>=3

 

Median of TV screen time

0.5

1

2

3

 

N (%)

 

488(14.77)

1031(31.20)

977(29.56)

809(24.48)

 

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

Model 1

126.1

126.9

126.6

128.6

0.002

  

(124.6,127.5)

(125.9,127.9)

(125.6,127.6)

(127.5,129.7)†

 
 

Model 2

126.2

127.0

126.6

128.3

0.01

  

(124.8,127.6)

(126.1,128.0)

(125.6,127.6)

(127.2,129.4)*

 
 

Model 3

126.6

127.3

126.5

127.9

0.19

  

(125.2,127.9)

(126.3,128.2)

(125.6,127.5)

(126.8,129)

 

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

Model 1

76.1 (75.3,76.9)

76.0 (75.5,76.6)

76.1 (75.5,76.6)

76.5 (75.9,77.2)

0.37

 

Model 2

76.1 (75.3,77.0)

76 .0 (75.4,76.6)

76.0 (75.4,76.6)

76.6 (76.0,77.3)

0.21

 

Model 3

76.3 (75.5,77.1)

76.2 (75.6,76.7)

75.9 (75.4,76.5)

76.4 (75.8,77.1)

0.86

HDL-c (mmol/L)

Model 1

1.42 (1.39,1.45)

1.42 (1.40,1.44)

1.41 (1.39,1.43)

1.39 (1.37,1.41)

0.004

 

Model 2

1.42 (1.39,1.44)

1.41 (1.40,1.43)

1.41 (1.39,1.43)

1.39 (1.37,1.41)

0.01

 

Model 3

1.41 (1.38,1.44)

1.41 (1.39,1.43)

1.41 (1.39,1.43)

1.40 (1.38,1.42)

0.14

LDL-c (mmol/L)

Model 1

3.18 (3.11, 3.25)

3.22 (3.17, 3.27)

3.27 (3.22, 3.32)

3.31 (3.25, 3.36)†

0.004

 

Model 2

3.19 (3.12, 3.26)

3.22 (3.17, 3.27)

3.26 (3.21, 3.31)

3.30 (3.24, 3.36)*

0.01

 

Model 3

3.20 (3.13, 3.27)

3.23 (3.19, 3.28)

3.26 (3.21, 3.31)

3.29 (3.23, 3.34)

0.08

Cholesterol (mmol/L)

Model 1

5.19 (5.11, 5.27)

5.23 (5.18, 5.29)

5.28 (5.23, 5.34)

5.34 (5.28, 5.40)†

0.002

 

Model 2

5.19 (5.11, 5.27)

5.24 (5.18, 5.29)

5.28 (5.23, 5.34)

5.33 (5.27, 5.40)†

0.008

 

Model 3

5.20 (5.12, 5.28)

5.25 (5.19, 5.30)

5.28 (5.22, 5.33)

5.32 (5.25, 5.38)*

0.06

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

Model 1

4.76 (4.69, 4.82)

4.76 (4.72, 4.81)

4.80 (4.75, 4.85)

4.80 (4.75, 4.85)

0.10

 

Model 2

4.76 (4.69, 4.82)

4.76 (4.72, 4.81)

4.80 (4.75, 4.85)

4.80 (4.75, 4.85)

0.08

 

Model 3

4.77 (4.71, 4.83)

4.77 (4.73, 4.82)

4.80 (4.75, 4.84)

4.78 (4.73, 4.83)

0.43

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

Model 1

1.05 (1.00, 1.09)

1.07 (1.04, 1.10)

1.09 (1.06, 1.13)

1.15 (1.11, 1.19)†

<0.0001

 

Model 2

1.05 (1.01, 1.10)

1.08 (1.04, 1.11)

1.09 (1.06, 1.13)

1.14 (1.11, 1.18)†

<0.0001

 

Model 3

1.07 (1.02, 1.11)

1.09 (1.06, 1.12)

1.09 (1.05, 1.12)

1.12 (1.09, 1.16)

0.04

hsCRP(mg/L)

Model 1

0.94 (0.85, 1.04)

1.03 (0.96, 1.10)

1.04 (0.96, 1.11)

1.20 (1.11, 1.30)‡

<0.0001

 

Model 2

0.94 (0.85, 1.04)

1.03 (0.96, 1.11)

1.03 (0.96, 1.11)

1.20 (1.11, 1.30)‡

<0.0001

 

Model 3

0.99 (0.90, 1.08)

1.07 (1.00, 1.14)

1.02 (0.95, 1.09)

1.13 (1.05, 1.21)*

0.10

High-molecular weight adiponectin (μg/mL)

Model 1

1.18 (1.10, 1.26)

1.13 (1.08, 1.18)

1.10 (1.05, 1.15)

1.08 (1.02, 1.14)*

0.048

 

Model 2

1.17 (1.10, 1.25)

1.12 (1.07, 1.18)

1.10 (1.05,1.16)

1.09 (1.03, 1.15)

0.10

 

Model 3

1.15 (1.07, 1.22)

1.10 (1.06, 1.16)

1.11 (1.06, 1.16)

1.12 (1.06, 1.18)

0.89

Total adiponectin (μg/mL)

Model 1

3.58 (3.42, 3.75)

3.38 (3.27, 3.48)*

3.32 (3.21,3.42)†

3.30 (3.18, 3.42)†

0.01

 

Model 2

3.57 (3.41, 3.73)

3.37(3.27, 3.48)*

3.32 (3.22, 3.43)*

3.31 (3.19, 3.43)†

0.03

 

Model 3

3.51 (3.36, 3.66)

3.33 (3.23, 3.43)*

3.34 (3.24, 3.44)

3.37 (3.26, 3.49)

0.52

HOMA-IR

Model 1

1.17 (1.10, 1.24)

1.23 (1.18, 1.28)

1.26 (1.21, 1.31)*

1.38 (1.32, 1.44)‡

<0.0001

 

Model 2

1.17 (1.11, 1.24)

1.23 (1.18, 1.28)

1.26 (1.21, 1.31)*

1.37 (1.31, 1.44)‡

<0.0001

 

Model 3

1.21 (1.15, 1.27)

1.26 (1.22, 1.31)

1.25 (1.20, 1.29)

1.32 (1.27, 1.38)†

0.047

  1. Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education.
  2. Model 2: Model 1 further adjusted for reading time, computer time, employment status, smoking, alcohol, parental history of diabetes, parental history of hypertension.
  3. Model 3: Model 2 further adjusted for potential mediators including total physical activity, BMI, ratio of polyunsaturated-to-saturated fat intake, and intake of total energy, fibre, cholesterol, carbohydrate and protein.
  4. HDL-c, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, hsCRP, high-molecular weight adiponectin, total adiponectin,and HOMA-IR were log transformed and the adjusted means were back transformed.
  5. * p value ≤ 0.05, †p value ≤ 0.01,‡p value ≤ 0.0001.
  6. p for trend: p value of linear regression for association of TV screen time (as a continuous variable) and outcome variables.
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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