Short and long-term lifestyle coaching approaches used to address diverse participant barriers to weight loss and physical activity adherence

Table 3 Weight loss barrier categories during DPP core sessions (1-16) by baseline demographic characteristics

Baseline demographic characteristics			Basic skills	Self- monitoring	Internal cues (thought/mood)	Life events/illness	Social cues
Feature	Level	All	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Feature	Level	N =	%	%	%	%	%
Sex	Male	343	56	54	40 ^c	22 ^c	69
Sex	Female	733	61	60	52	34	71
Age* (years)	25 to <44	356	66 ^c	64 ^b	52 ^a	38 ^c	73
	45 to 59	487	58	56	47	29	70
	60 and older	233	50	54	43	21	70
BMI* (kg/m²)	< 30	357	55 ^a	53 ^b	43 ^b	26 ^c	69
	30 – 34.9	334	59	58	46	27	70
	35+	385	63	63	55	38	73
Race/Ethnicity	White	578	50 ^c	50 ^c	43 ^c	26 ^b	65 ^c
	African-American	203	70	74	58	35	77
	Hispanic	178	67	58	46	39	75
	American Indian	60	78	82	62	35	78
	Asian	57	68	61	54	26	82
Work Status	Working	783	60	59	49	32 ^b	73 ^a
	Retired	148	50	55	40	20	67
	Other	145	61	57	50	31	62
Marital Status	Single/Widowed	370	60	62	56 ^c	35 ^a	73
Marital Status	Married/Living Together	706	59	56	44	28	70
Education	≤ 12^th Grade	279	63	63 ^a	47	31	74
Education	13 or more	797	58	56	48	30	70
Household Income	< 35 K	347	62	64 ^b	51	32	70
Household Income	35 to 75 K	422	59	58	49	31	74
	75 K or more	224	57	52	44	26	70

Weight loss barrier clusters that differ significantly by demographic characteristics are highlighted in bold font (with a superscript notation indicating the p-value level).
^*The Mantel-Haenszel test for trend was used for statistical analyses with the Age and BMI variables; the Chi-squared test was used for all other variables.
^ap <0.05.
^bp <0.01.
^cp <0.001.

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