Short and long-term lifestyle coaching approaches used to address diverse participant barriers to weight loss and physical activity adherence

Table 4 Physical activity barrier categories during DPP core sessions 1-16 by baseline demographic characteristics

Baseline demographic characteristics			Internal cues (Thought/mood)	Self-monitoring	Social cues & time management	Physical events (Injury/illness)	Access/weather
Feature	Level	All	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Feature	Level	N =	%	%	%	%	%
Sex	Male	343	32 ^c	6	61 ^c	33 ^c	24 ^b
Sex	Female	733	44	8	75	48	32
Age* (years)	25 to <44	356	43 ^a	9	77 ^c	46	30
	45 to 59	487	41	7	72	43	28
	60 and older	233	33	8	56	38	30
BMI* (kg/m²)	< 30	357	31 ^c	7	61 ^c	36 ^c	22 ^c
	30 – 34.9	334	37	8	70	42	27
	35+	385	51	8	79	50	37
Race/ Ethnicity	White	578	36 ^b	6	67	43	26 ^b
	African-American	203	47	10	72	47	37
	Hispanic	178	37	8	77	38	26
	American Indian	60	58	4	72	43	25
	Asian	57	42	13	75	44	43
Work status	Working	783	42 ^b	8	74 ^c	45 ^a	30
	Retired	148	28	6	53	33	26
	Other	145	42	6	66	43	28
Marital status	Single/Widowed	370	46 ^b	9	68	49 ^b	36 ^c
Marital status	Married/Living Together	706	37	7	72	40	26
Education	≤ 12^th Grade	279	39	8	67	40	34 ^a
Education	13 or more	797	41	7	71	44	28
Household income	< 35 K	347	44	8	68	42	33 ^a
Household income	35 to 75 K	422	40	7	71	42	34
	75 K or more	224	35	7	72	45	21

Physical activity barrier clusters that differ significantly by demographic characteristics are highlighted in bold font (with a superscript notation indicating the p-value level).
^*The Mantel-Haenszel test for trend was used in statistical analyses of Age and BMI; the Chi-squared test was used for all other variables.
^ap <0.05.
^bp <0.01.
^cp <0.001.

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