Constructing indices representing supportiveness of the physical environment for walking using the Rasch measurement model

Table 4 Final variable locations, variable-trait standardized residuals, and variable-trait chi-square statistics for the training and cross-validation samples

Variables	Loc.	Z_std	χ²	Sig.	Loc.^a	Z_std^a	χ^2a	Sig.^a
Functional
Crossing aids	-0.04	2.09	9.54	.049	-0.01	0.70	7.12	.130
Road width	-2.11	-1.88	1.65	.799	-2.15	-1.55	1.71	.788
Path/road condition	0.48	-2.90^b	2.05	.726	0.47	-3.04^b	0.71	.950
Traffic volume	-0.50	3.73^b	7.26	.123	-0.45	4.59^b	7.28	.122
Street pattern	-1.03	-3.48^b	9.82	.044	-1.07	-3.52^b	7.98	.092
Path location from road	0.35	1.78	7.63	.106	0.30	0.77	7.97	.093
Alternative routes	1.40	0.76	1.83	.767	1.46	1.66	2.03	.731
Intersection design	2.09	-0.93	3.08	.544	2.11	-1.92	3.24	.517
Path continuity	-0.53	-1.21	7.02	.135	-0.57	0.01	4.34	.362
Slope of path/road	-0.82	0.78	6.72	.152	-0.81	0.86	4.53	.338
Street surveillance	-0.48	4.65^b	4.69	.320	-0.39	4.98^b	2.94	.568
Destinations present	1.18	-0.11	3.91	.418	1.10	0.81	3.43	.488
Aesthetics
Verge maintenance	1.19	-0.62	0.92	.762	1.23	-2.07	3.56	.313
Cleanliness	-2.11	-2.40	6.73	.059	-2.08	-2.28	8.74	.033
Views	-0.27	3.03^b	4.13	.238	-0.27	4.40^b	2.16	.472
Trees	1.19	2.38	1.57	.523	1.12	2.92^b	3.84	.279

Note: Loc. = location in logits; Z_std = standardized residual; Statistical significance considered at p < 0.01; ^a = Cross-validation sample ^b = Z_std < -2.5 or >2.5

ISSN: 1479-5868