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Table 4 Outcomes for all subjects who completed MTI in both groups

From: Effects of a 6-month multimodal training intervention on retention of functional fitness in older adults: A randomized-controlled cross-over design

  

Completed MTI (n=98)

 

Outcome and Values

Baseline Repeated baseline

Immediate MTI Delayed MTI

Change

 

Means (SE)

Means (SE)

Diff in means (95% CI)

Physical performance

   

SPPB (points)

10.2 (0.1)

10.7 (0.1)

0.6 (0.3 to 0.8)***

Balance (points)

3.3 (0.1)

3.4 (0.1)

0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3)

Walk (seconds)

3.5 (0.1)

3.3 (0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3 to −0.1)***

Chair (seconds)

12.6 (0.2)

11.1 (0.2)

−1.5 (−1.8 to −1.1)***

8 foot up-and-go (seconds)

6.4 (0.1)

5.7 (0.1)

−0.6 (−0.8 to −0.4)***

Strength performance

   

Knee extension (Newton)

332.2 (7.2)

360.8 (7.2)

28.6 (18.7 to 38.5)***

Hand grip (Newton)

336.0 (6.4)

349.0 (6.4)

13.0 (5.8 to 20.2)***

Endurance performance

   

Six min walking (meter)

457.5 (7.5)

482.4 (7.5)

24.9 (17.2 to 32.6)***

Physical activity (cpm)

240.3 (12.2)

326.0 (11.6)

85.6 (62.2 to 109.1)***

BMI (kg/m2)

27.3 (0.5)

26.8 (0.5)

−0.46 (−0.6 to −0.3)***

Icelandic quality of life (points)

55.6 (0.5)

56.4 (0.5)

0.8 (0.1 to 1.5)*

  1. Values are shown as means with standard error (SE) at following time points pulled together: baseline by Group 1 and repeated baseline by Group 2, and immediate MTI by Group 1 and delayed MTI by Group 2, and as 95% confidence interval in means (95% CI) comparing changes for all subjects who completed MTI, and significant differences; * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.
  2. MTI = Multimodal training intervention.
  3. SE = Standard error.
  4. SPPB = Short physical performance battery.
  5. cpm = Average counts per minute.
  6. BMI = Body mass index.