Table 1 Summary statistics
From: Calorie labeling and consumer estimation of calories purchased
All | Philadelphia | Baltimore | Significance tests | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre- | Post- | Pre- | Post- | Pre- | Post- | Pre vs. Post | ||||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Philadelphia | Baltimore | |||
N | 1835 | 470 | 534 | 394 | 437 | |||||||||
Mean | ||||||||||||||
Age | 39.1 | 13.9 | 39.7 | 14.1 | 37.4 | 14.4 | 40.8 | 13.5 | 38.9 | 13.4 | * | * | ||
Number of calories purchased, actual | 951 | 685 | 987 | 757 | 927 | 704 | 974 | 696 | 923 | 559 | ||||
Percent | ||||||||||||||
Gender | ||||||||||||||
Male | 55.2 | 49.8 | 58.3 | 49.4 | 52.1 | 50.0 | 51.5 | 50.0 | 58.8 | 49.3 | * | * | * | |
Female | 37.4 | 48.4 | 37.5 | 48.5 | 45.5 | 49.8 | 28.9 | 45.4 | 35.2 | 47.8 | ** | ** | ** | |
Missing | 7.4 | 26.2 | 4.3 | 20.2 | 2.4 | 15.4 | 19.5 | 39.7 | 6.0 | 23.7 | *** | ** | *** | |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||||||||
Black | 70.1 | 45.8 | 60.4 | 49.0 | 70.8 | 45.5 | 73.9 | 44.0 | 76.4 | 42.5 | *** | * | *** | |
Caucasian | 20.8 | 40.6 | 23.0 | 42.1 | 17.8 | 38.3 | 22.1 | 41.5 | 21.1 | 40.8 | * | |||
Other/Missing | 4.1 | 19.8 | 6.0 | 23.7 | 5.2 | 22.3 | 3.3 | 17.9 | 1.4 | 11.7 | ** | |||
Education | ||||||||||||||
High school or less | 60.9 | 48.8 | 54.7 | 49.8 | 63.3 | 48.2 | 62.2 | 48.6 | 63.4 | 48.2 | * | ** | ||
Some college or AA | 25.2 | 43.4 | 29.8 | 45.8 | 23.0 | 42.1 | 22.6 | 41.9 | 25.2 | 43.5 | * | * | ||
BA or above | 10.6 | 30.8 | 11.7 | 32.2 | 8.1 | 27.2 | 12.4 | 33.0 | 10.8 | 31.0 | ||||
Missing | 3.4 | 18.1 | 3.8 | 19.2 | 5.6 | 23.1 | 2.8 | 16.5 | 0.7 | 8.3 | *** | * | ||
Type of order | ||||||||||||||
To go | 67.6 | 46.8 | 60.6 | 48.9 | 70.4 | 45.7 | 68.0 | 46.7 | 71.4 | 45.2 | * | ** | ||
Eat in | 26.3 | 44.1 | 25.1 | 43.4 | 24.2 | 42.8 | 28.4 | 45.2 | 28.4 | 45.1 | ||||
Missing | 6.1 | 23.9 | 14.3 | 35.0 | 5.4 | 22.7 | 3.6 | 18.5 | 0.2 | 4.8 | *** | *** | *** | *** |
Number of times usually eat in big chain fast food restaurant per week | ||||||||||||||
≤1 | 56.4 | 49.6 | 62.3 | 48.5 | 64.0 | 48.0 | 49.0 | 50.1 | 47.1 | 50.0 | *** | *** | ||
2 | 15.8 | 36.4 | 12.3 | 32.9 | 12.7 | 33.4 | 17.5 | 38.1 | 21.5 | 41.1 | * | *** | ||
≥3 | 34.4 | 47.5 | 26.4 | 44.1 | 30.7 | 46.2 | 39.6 | 49.0 | 42.8 | 49.5 | *** | *** | ||
Missing | 3.1 | 17.4 | 7.7 | 26.6 | 2.4 | 15.4 | 1.5 | 12.3 | 0.5 | 6.8 | *** | * | *** | |
Number of items purchased | ||||||||||||||
1 | 23.2 | 42.2 | 18.5 | 38.9 | 25.7 | 43.7 | 25.9 | 43.9 | 22.7 | 41.9 | ** | ** | ||
2 | 20.0 | 40.0 | 21.5 | 41.1 | 18.9 | 39.2 | 19.0 | 39.3 | 20.4 | 40.3 | ||||
3 | 31.6 | 46.5 | 31.7 | 46.6 | 32.2 | 46.8 | 31.0 | 46.3 | 31.4 | 46.4 | ||||
4 | 11.3 | 31.7 | 10.2 | 30.3 | 9.2 | 28.9 | 12.2 | 32.8 | 14.4 | 35.2 | * | |||
≥5 | 14.0 | 34.7 | 18.1 | 38.5 | 14.0 | 34.8 | 11.9 | 32.5 | 11.2 | 31.6 | * | |||
Purchased combination meal | 24.5 | 43.0 | 21.5 | 41.1 | 25.7 | 43.7 | 25.4 | 43.6 | 25.6 | 43.7 | ||||
Restaurant | ||||||||||||||
McDonald’s | 64.2 | 48.0 | 66.2 | 47.4 | 70.2 | 45.8 | 61.7 | 48.7 | 57.0 | 49.6 | *** | |||
Burger King | 35.8 | 48.0 | 33.8 | 47.4 | 29.8 | 45.8 | 38.3 | 48.7 | 43.0 | 49.6 | *** | |||