Calorie labeling and consumer estimation of calories purchased

Taksler, Glen B; Elbel, Brian

doi:10.1186/s12966-014-0091-2

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 2 Actual versus estimated calories, Philadelphia versus Baltimore

From: Calorie labeling and consumer estimation of calories purchased

	Actual		Estimated		Estimated minus actual				Difference-in-Difference
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Significance tests		Unadj	Adj (95% CI)	P
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Unadj	Adj (95% CI)	P
Full sample
Philadelphia	987	927	578	581	−409	−346	**		177	122 (−809, 1052)	0.35
Baltimore	974	923	758	593	−216	−330
Purchased >850 calories (median)
Philadelphia	1480	1450	780	758	−700	−692	*		223	191(−2301,2682)	0.51
Baltimore	1430	1390	1032	777	−398	−613
Purchased ≤850 calories (median)
Philadelphia	446	459	357	422	−89	−37			105	78 (20, 136)	0.04
Baltimore	463	486	450	420	−13	−65
Male ¹
Philadelphia	982	943	575	609	−407	−334			130	124 (−998, 1245)	0.39
Baltimore	1006	968	692	597	−314	−370
Female ¹
Philadelphia	987	925	602	562	−385	−363			−41	−87 (−386, 213)	0.17
Baltimore	993	834	689	591	−305	−243
Black ¹
Philadelphia	933	858	543	585	−389	−273			173	100 (−760, 959)	0.38
Baltimore	1007	895	745	577	−262	−318
White ¹
Philadelphia	1088	990	684	751	−405	−239			384	250 (−524, 1025)	0.15
Baltimore	886	950	815	661	−71	−290
High school or less ¹
Philadelphia	968	885	545	475	−423	−409			169	54 (−590, 698)	0.48
Baltimore	954	934	698	523	−256	−411
Some college or AA ¹
Philadelphia	1028	977	582	811	−447	−166			170	231 (77, 385)	0.03
Baltimore	1065	914	758	718	−307	−196	*
BA or above ¹
Philadelphia	1065	1141	650	696	−414	−445	*		149	231(−2138,2600)	0.43
Baltimore	968	900	919	671	−49	−229
Food only
Philadelphia	801	691	521	528	−279	−163			180	205 (−514, 924)	0.17
Baltimore	774	719	618	500	−156	−219
Beverage only
Philadelphia	203	308	204	231	1	−77			−13	−60 (−1450,1329)	0.68
Baltimore	306	368	341	338	35	−31
Purchased 1 item
Philadelphia	320	316	221	286	−99	−30	**		167	181 (−864, 1226)	0.27
Baltimore	319	339	364	286	45	−53
Purchased >1 item
Philadelphia	1139	1138	660	683	−480	−455	*		128	112 (−932, 1156)	0.40
Baltimore	1202	1093	895	683	−307	−411
Purchased combination meal
Philadelphia	1441	1512	768	738	−674	−774			9	−15(−2050,2019)	0.94
Baltimore	1482	1383	932	723	−550	−659
Did not purchase combination meal
Philadelphia	863	725	527	527	−337	−198	**		252	167 (−539, 872)	0.20
Baltimore	801	764	698	548	−102	−216	*

¹May not sum to the full sample because of missing gender, race, and/or education for some subjects.
Unadj: Unadjusted. Adj: Adjusted.
**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.

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ISSN: 1479-5868

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