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Table 2 Mean (SD) change from Baseline a for Blood Pressure and Eating and Activity Biomarkers by Group

From: Effectiveness of tailored lifestyle interventions, using web-based and print-mail, for reducing blood pressure among rural women with prehypertension: main results of the Wellness for Women: DASHing towards Healthclinical trial

 

Observed Means

Estimated Mean Difference over 24 months c

Variable

Standard Advice (SA)

Web-based (W)

Print-mailed (P)

   
 

n=53 b

n=108 b

n=111 b

Pairwise

p-value d

Estimate (95% CI)

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Comparison

  

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

      

  Baseline

128.3 (6.5)

127.1 (6.7)

128.3 (5.6)

W vs. SA

0.048

-2.1 (-4.6 to 0.4)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

-5.1 (10.5)

-6.5 (7.8)

-6.1 (8.2)

P vs. SA

NS

-0.9 (-3.4 to 1.6)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

-5.6 (10.6)

-7.4 (9.5)

-7.2 (8.5)

W vs. P

NS

-1.2 (-3.2 to 0.8)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

-4.8 (12.2)

-8.1 (10.4)

-6.6 (8.2)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

-4.1 (9.5)

-5.2 (11.7)

-3.8 (9.8)

   

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

      

  Baseline

76.6 (6.8)

77.3 (6.7)

76.9 (6.6)

W vs. SA

NS

-0.2 (-1.7 to 1.3)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

-3.7 (7.5)

-3.8 (5.9)

-3.4 (5.9)

P vs. SA

NS

0.3 (-1.2 to 1.8)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

-3.6 (6.6)

-4.6 (6.3)

-3.8 (5.7)

W vs. P

NS

-0.5 (-1.7 to 0.8)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

-5.7 (7.7)

-6.1 (7.2)

-5.2 (6.6)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

-5.0 (6.1)

-5.0 (6.7)

-3.4 (6.8)

   

BMI (kg/m2)

      

  Baseline

29.7 (4.7)

28.6 (5.1)

30.5 (5.4)

W vs. SA

0.047

-0.4 (-1.0 to 0.1)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

-0.6 (1.2)

-0.8 (1.0)

-0.9 (1.4)

P vs. SA

NS

-0.1 (-0.6 to 0.4)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

-0.3 (1.6)

-0.8 (1.3)

-0.6 (1.9)

W vs. P

NS

-0.3 (-0.7 to 0.1)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

-0.2 (1.4)

-0.7 (1.4)

-0.4 (2.5)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

-0.2 (1.4)

-0.8 (1.7)

-0.2 (3.0)

   

Waist circumference (cm)

      

  Baseline

97.3 (11.2)

95.2 (11.9)

99.4 (13.0)

W vs. SA

0.017

-1.6 (-3.1 to -0.1)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

-1.2 (3.8)

-1.9 (3.9)

-2.6 (5.0)

P vs. SA

0.016

-1.6 (-3.1 to -0.1)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

-1.5 (5.0)

-3.2 (4.4)

-3.6 (5.4)

W vs. P

NS

-0.02 (-1.2 to 1.2)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

-0.5 (4.2)

-2.1 (4.8)

-2.6 (6.8)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

-1.0 (4.1)

-2.4 (4.8)

-1.8 (7.6)

   

Estimated VO2 max (mg/ml/min)

      

  Baseline

20.8 (7.7)

22.6 (7.0)

21.8 (7.4)

W vs. SA

0.037

0.9 (-0.1 to 1.8)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

1.9 (3.5)

2.3 (2.4)

2.4 (3.1)

P vs. SA

NS

0.4 (-0.6 to 1.3)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

2.0 (4.2)

1.9 (3.2)

2.0 (3.5)

W vs. P

NS

0.5 (-0.3 to 1.3)

  Change at 18 months (SD)

1.7 (3.9)

2.5 (3.0)

2.1 (3.8)

   

  Change at 24 months (SD)

0.9 (4.6)

1.7 (3.0)

1.1 (3.6)

   

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

      

  Baseline

194.7 (32.9)

201.9 (34.8)

194.9 (33.9)

W vs. SA

0.215e

2.53 (-3.75 to 8.81)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

1.0 (21.5)

1.7 (27.1)

-0.5 (24.6)

P vs. SA

0.375

-1.02 (-7.29 to 5.25)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

1.6 (19.1)

-0.04 (23.7)

-1.8 (22.3)

W vs. P

0.168

3.55 (-1.51 to 8.60)

  Change at 24 months (SD)

3.3 (27.3)

6.8 (30.0)

4.5 (30.9)

   

HDL (mg/dL)

      

  Baseline

57.3 (12.7)

58.3 (15.4)

56.0 (12.5)

W vs. SA

0.155

1.01 (-.95 to 2.98)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

-3.6 (7.8)

-2.6 (7.6)

-2.8 (6.6)

P vs. SA

0.163

0.98 (-.98 to 2.95)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

-2.4 (7.4)

-1.5 (8.6)

-1.1 (7.1)

W vs. P

0.968

.03 (-1.55 to 1.62)

  Change at 24 months (SD)

-5.7 (7.7)

-5.5 (9.1)

-5.0 (7.0)

   

LDL (mg/dL)

      

  Baseline

114.7 (27.0)

118.5 (32.2)

115.0 (29.6)

W vs. SA

0.264e

1.79 (-3.78 to 7.37)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

1.4 (17.5)

4.0 (24.6)

3.1 (21.7)

P vs. SA

0.455

-0.32 (-5.89 to 5.25)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

2.3 (16.8)

1.2 (20.2)

0.6 (20.3)

W vs. P

0.356

2.11 (-2.39 to 6.61)

  Change at 24 months (SD)

11.5 (19.0)

13.6 (25.8)

10.8 (27.1)

   

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

      

  Baseline

113.5 (55.1)

127.5 (72.3)

119.4 (57.4)

W vs. SA

0.114

-6.2 (-16.4 to 3.9)

  Change at 6 months (SD)

16.1 (43.5)

1.3 (43.4)

-4.8 (42.9)

P vs. SA

0.014

-11.5 (-21.6 to -1.3)

  Change at 12 months (SD)

8.0 (40.4)

-2.0 (46.3)

-6.0 (36.6)

W vs. P

0.207

5.2 (-2.9 to 13.4)

  Change at 24 months (SD)

-1.3 (38.1)

-6.7 (41.6)

-6.2 (43.5)

   
  1. aNegative change values indicate a decrease from baseline.
  2. bn’s reflect group sizes at baseline, excluding those having no followup data (n = 17).
  3. cPairwise comparisons of groups based on estimated marginal means adjusted for age and baseline value of outcome using linear mixed model methods to conduct patterned covariance analysis.
  4. dComparisons of Web-based and Print-mailed with Standard Advice were one-tailed, Web-based with Print-mailed was two-tailed, each tested at α = .05.
  5. eEffect was not in the hypothesized direction.
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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