Creating action plans in a serious video game increases and maintains child fruit-vegetable intake: a randomized controlled trial

Table 2 Adjusted means (standard error) for the Fruit and Vegetables Consumption (in servings), stratified by group and time (baseline, post 1, and Post 2) using repeated measures ANCOVA ¹

	Baseline	Post #1	Post #2	Change ²
	M(SE)	M(SE)	M(SE)	Post #1	Post #2
Fruit & vegetable ^{gt **}
Control	1.86 ( 0.04 )	2.20 ( 0.04 )	1.89 ( 0.04 )	0.35	0.04
Action	1.64 ( 0.04 )	2.37 ( 0.04 )	2.32 ( 0.04 )	0.72***	0.68***
Coping	1.83 ( 0.04 )	2.31 ( 0.04 )	2.11 ( 0.05 )	0.48**	0.28
Both A & C	2.11 ( 0.04 )	2.28 ( 0.04 )	2.05 ( 0.04 )	0.17	−0.06
Total	1.84 ( 0.03 )	2.27 ( 0.03 )	2.07 ( 0.03 )	0.43	0.23
Fruit
Control	0.61 ( 0.04 )	0.84 ( 0.04 )	0.60 ( 0.04 )	0.23	−0.01
Action	0.46 ( 0.04 )	0.82 ( 0.04 )	0.79 ( 0.04 )	0.35	0.33
Coping	0.54 ( 0.04 )	0.84 ( 0.04 )	0.67 ( 0.04 )	0.29	0.13
Both A&C	0.60 ( 0.04 )	0.90 ( 0.04 )	0.69 ( 0.04 )	0.29	0.09
Total ^t***	0.54 ( 0.03 )	0.82 ( 0.03 )	0.67 ( 0.03 )	0.32**	0.23*
Regular Vegetables
Control	1.18 ( 0.04 )	1.26 ( 0.04 )	1.26 ( 0.04 )	0.08	0.07
Action	1.15 ( 0.04 )	1.47 ( 0.04 )	1.48 ( 0.04 )	0.32	0.33
Coping	1.24 ( 0.04 )	1.37 ( 0.04 )	1.38 ( 0.04 )	0.13	0.14
Both A & C	1.45 ( 0.04 )	1.34 ( 0.04 )	1.32 ( 0.04 )	−0.10	−0.13
Total	1.24 ( 0.03 )	1.36 ( 0.03 )	1.35 ( 0.03 )	0.12	0.11

Abbreviations: M(SE) = adjusted mean ( standard error), “g” = group; “t” = time, “gt” = the interaction of group by time, “ANCOVA” = Analysis of Covariance.
1: Repeated measures ANCOVA was adjusted for gender, race/ethnic group, total energy intake, and parent’s age, education level; adjusted means presented here were back-transformed to original scale (servings).
2: Change from baseline.
Significance level at *p < 0 .01, ** p < 0.001, *** p < 0.0001.

ISSN: 1479-5868