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Table 3 Unadjusted distribution of physical activity and pain outcomes at baseline and 3-year follow-up: COMMUNICATE Study

From: Community-wide promotion of physical activity in middle-aged and older Japanese: a 3-year evaluation of a cluster randomized trial

 

Control

Intervention

P valuea

 

All

Group A

Group FM

Group AFM

Overall regular physical activityb, n

      

 At baseline

573 (64.5)

1745 (63.0)

614 (66.6)

526 (58.3)

605 (64.0)

0.40

 At 3 year

439 (61.8)

1380 (61.9)

481 (63.4)

416 (60.1)

483 (62.0)

 

Total walking time, mins/week

      

 Median (IQR) at baseline

60 (0–210)

60 (0–200)

80 (0–210)

60 (0–180)

60 (0–200)

0.53

 Median (IQR) at 3 year

60 (0–200)

60 (0–210)

90 (0–235)

40 (0–180)

60 (0–185)

 

 ≥150, n at baseline

311 (37.7)

914 (36.4)

319 (38.1)

282 (34.1)

313 (37.0)

 

 ≥150, n at 3 year

222 (33.8)

700 (34.6)

260 (37.9)

207 (32.5)

233 (33.4)

 

Flexibility activity daily, n

      

 At baseline

253 (24.4)

772 (23.8)

276 (25.9)

214 (19.8)

282 (25.8)

0.45

 At 3 year

175 (22.0)

603 (24.6)

213 (26.1)

183 (23.6)

207 (24.0)

 

Muscle-strengthening activity, days/week

      

 Median (IQR) at baseline

0 (0–3)

0 (0–3)

1 (0–3)

0 (0–3)

0 (0–3)

0.99

 Median (IQR) at 3 year

0 (0–3)

0 (0–3)

0 (0–4)

0 (0–3)

0 (0–3)

 

 ≥2, n at baseline

348 (38.0)

1080 (37.7)

390 (40.9)

310 (33.1)

380 (39.2)

 

 ≥2, n at 3 year

257 (32.8)

862 (35.8)

306 (38.3)

250 (32.8)

306 (36.1)

 

Median (IQR) VAS pain score

     

 Shoulder at baseline

20 (0–48)

22 (0–48)

22 (0–49)

22 (0–48)

20 (0–48)

0.35

 Shoulder at 3 year

11 (0–41)

14 (0–43)

13 (0–41)

17 (0–47)

12 (0–43)

 

 Low back at baseline

5 (0–32)

8 (0–36)

8 (0–36)

9 (0–37)

7 (0–32)

0.11

 Low back at 3 year

4 (0–27)

4 (0–29)

4 (0–28)

5 (0–30)

3 (0–29)

 

 Knee at baseline

0 (0–7)

0 (0–13)

0 (0–15)

0 (0–11)

0 (0–12)

0.067

 Knee at 3 year

0 (0–9)

0 (0–13)

0 (0–12)

0 (0–14)

0 (0–12)

 

Chronic musculoskeletal pain

      

 Shoulder at baseline

158 (15.3)

554 (17.4)

176 (16.6)

203 (19.4)

175 (16.3)

0.11

 Shoulder at 3 year

157 (19.7)

436 (17.8)

145 (18.0)

156 (20.0)

135 (15.7)

 

 Low back at baseline

133 (13.0)

441 (14.0)

145 (13.9)

150 (14.4)

146 (13.8)

0.43

 Low back at 3 year

108 (13.6)

369 (15.0)

114 (14.0)

124 (15.8)

131 (15.1)

 

 Knee at baseline

95 (9.1)

360 (11.2)

115 (10.8)

122 (11.4)

123 (11.4)

0.062

 Knee at 3 year

87 (11.0)

334 (13.6)

122 (15.0)

99 (12.6)

113 (13.3)

 
  1. Group A = aerobic activity; Group FM = flexibility and muscle-strengthening activities; Group AFM = aerobic, flexibility, and muscle-strengthening activities; IQR = interquartile range; VAS = visual analog scale. Figures are numbers (percentages) before imputation of missing values unless stated otherwise. Sample sizes (denominators) vary due to missing values
  2. aBaseline comparison between control and intervention groups using the chi-square test for binary variables and Mann–Whitney U-test for categorical and continuous variables with non-normal distribution
  3. bEngagement in regular aerobic, flexibility, and/or muscle-strengthening activities. If respondents met any one of the following three conditions, the respondents were defined as “engaging in regular physical activity”: (1) engaging in 150 mins/week or more of walking, (2) engaging in daily flexibility activity, or (3) engaging 2 or more days/week in muscle-strengthening activities