Table 2 Estimated mean net difference between the Standard and Enhanced strength training groups following the adoption and maintenance phases and after 12 months

Adoption

Maintenance

Adoption

Maintenance

Outcome variables

0–6 month

6–12 months

0–12 months

0–6 month

6–12 month

0–12 month change

HbA1c (%)

−0.13 (-0.26, -0.01) ‡

−0.04 (-0.18, 0.10)

−0.17 (-0.30, -0.05) ‡

−0.3 (-0.6, -0.004) ‡

−0.1 (-0.5, 0.2)

−0.4 (-0.7, -0.1) ‡

BMI (kg/m²)

−0.1 (-0.3, 0.1)

−0.3 (-0.5, -0.1) ‡

−0.4 (-0.6, -0.2) ‡

−0.3 (-0.6, 0.1)

−0.3 (-0.7, 0.1)

−0.6 (-0.9, -0.2) ‡

Weight (kg)

−0.3 (-0.9, 0.3)

−0.7 (-1.4, -0.1) ‡

−1.0 (-1.6, -0.4) ‡

−0.9 (-1.9, 0.1)

−0.7 (-1.8, 0.3)

−1.6 (-2.6, -0.6) ‡

Upper body strength (kg)

−0.9 (-3.0, 1.3)

−1.6 (-4.0, 0.7)

−2.6 (-4.7, -0.3) ‡

−1.7 (-5.3, 2.0)

−1.9 (-6.1, 2.3)

−3.6 (-7.5, 0.4)

Lower body strength (kg)

−0.5 (-10.2, 9.1)

−0.9 (-11.4, 9.6)

−1.4 (-11.6, 8.8)

−3.9 (-20.9, 13.1)

0.2 (-18.4, 18.8)

−3.7 (-22.0, 14.6)

Leisure-time physical activity (%)

38 (-10, 110)

−18 (-48, 29)

13 (-27, 74)

39.9 (-36.1, 206.5)

−26.1 (-68.7, 74.8)

3.3 (-55.0, 137.4)