Trajectories of eating behaviors in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. adolescents during the transition to young adulthood

Table 5 Estimates from linear generalized estimating equations examining associations of time-varying food group intake frequencies (times/day) with time-varying meal practices (days/week)^a

	Food group intake frequency (times/day)
	Fruit/vegetables		Soda		Whole grains		Snacks
Independent variables	βest (SE)	P	βest (SE)	P	βest (SE)	P	βest (SE)	P
Meal practice (days/week)
Family meals	0.33 (0.05)	<0.001	−0.003 (0.02)	0.89	0.07 (0.02)	<0.001	0.005 (0.02)	0.80
Breakfast	0.18 (0.03)	<0.001	−0.05 (0.01)	<0.001	0.04 (0.01)	0.001	−0.01 (0.009)	0.14
TV meals^b	0.001 (0.03)	0.96	0.08 (0.008)	<0.001	0.02 (0.009)	0.02	0.07 (0.009)	<0.001
Fast food	−0.31 (0.04)	<.001	0.24 (0.02)	<0.001	−0.03 (0.02)	0.10	0.20 (0.03)	<0.001

^aEstimates from separate models predicting time-varying intake frequency of fruit/vegetables, soda, whole grains, and sweet/salty snacks (times/day). Models adjusted for wave, time-varying body mass index, height, and vigorous physical activity (hours/day), and baseline sex, race/ethnicity, family affluence score (ranging from 0 = low affluence to 7 = high affluence), parent education, and urbanicity
^bWatching television during meals

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