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Table 2 Summary table of the findings of the secondary school PE lesson studies included in the systematic review

From: A systematic review and meta-analysis of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels in secondary school physical education lessons

Reference: first author & year

Measure

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Lessons (n)

MVPA, mean mins ± SE/(SD)

Mins obs, mean ± SE/(SD)

% MVPA, mean ± SE/(SD)

Lessons (n)

MVPA, mean mins ± SE/(SD)

Mins obs, mean ± SE/(SD)

% MVPA, mean ± SE/(SD)

Lessons (n)

MVPA, mean mins ± SE/(SD)

Mins obs, mean ± SE/(SD)

% MVPA, mean ± SE/(SD)

Lessons (n)

MVPA, mean mins ± SE/(SD)

Mins obs, mean ± SE/(SD)

% MVPA, mean ± SE/(SD)

Middle Schools

Barroso et al. 2009 [36]

SOFIT

46

NR

51.3 (NR)

54.9 ± 5.1

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Coe et al. 2006. [32]

SOFIT

NR

19 (NR)

~55 (NR)

~34.5 (NR)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Fu et al. 2013 [27]

Ped

1

70.35 (12.82) steps/min

~50 (NR)

<50% (NR)

1

61.28 (11.84) steps/min

~50 (NR)

<50% (NR)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Gao et al. 2011 [37]

Total

Accel

3

~59.96 (NR)

~90 (NR)

66.62 (17.23)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Healthy weight

3

~61.35 (NR)

~90 (NR)

68.17 (15.56)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Overweight/obese

3

~55.03 (NR)

~90 (NR)

61.14 (21.54)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Liu et al. 2013 [34]

SOFIT

43

NR

NR

46.10 (9.77)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

McKenzie et al. 2006 [29]

SOFIT

431

13.9 (7.0)

37.3 (9.4)

37.9 (18.5)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Springer et al. 2013 [38]

SOFIT

84

NR

NR

50.9 (15.0)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Secondary Schools

 

Bronikowski et al. 2005 [23]

Boys

HR

39

~13.9 (NR)

~45 (NR)

36.5 (NR)

38

~25.3 (NR)

~45 (NR)

46.0 (NR)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Girls

32

~13.8 (NR)

~45 (NR)

34.4 (NR)

40

~23.3 (NR)

~45 (NR)

40.9 (NR)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Chow et al. 2009 [45]

Total

SOFIT

238

19.8 (8.9)

57.1 (NR)

34.8 (13.0)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Boys

92

21.0 (9.7)

57.1 (NR)

38.2 (14.7)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Girls

108

18.5 (7.8)

57.1 (NR)

31.8 (12.5)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Co–ed

38

20.4 (9.3)

57.1 (NR)

35.3 (12.5)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Conley et al. 2011 [26]

HR

1

28 (6.4)

~54 (NR)

51.9 (11.9)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Dudley et al. 2012a [39] & Dudley et al. 2012b [40]

SOFIT

81

33.6 (11.1)

59 (NR)

56.9 (18.7)

51

~30.7 (NR)

59 (NR)

52.1 (24.1)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Fairclough et al. 2005 [12, 19] & Fairclough et al. 2006 [20] a

HR

HR

1

19.6 (NR)

59.1 (NR)

33.2 (7.4) a

1

24.8 (NR)

85 (NR)

29.2 (20.6) a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

SOFIT

SOFIT

1

~7.6 (NR)

59.1 NR)

12.9 (NR) a

1

~14.9 (NR)

85 (NR)

17.5 (NR) a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Ferriera et al. 2014 [24]

Total

Accel

1

25.36 (15.69)

90 (NR)

28.18 (NR) a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Boys

Accel

1

28.95 (16.02)

90 (NR)

32.17 (NR)a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Girls

Accel

1

21.58 (14.48)

90 (NR)

23.98 (NR) a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

12 years

Accel

1

21.58 (14.48)

90 (NR)

23.98 (NR) a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

13 years

Accel

1

30.40 (16.20)

90 (NR)

33.77 (NR) a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

14 years

Accel

1

29.69 (18.92)

90 (NR)

32.99 (NR) a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

15 years

Accel

1

25.82 (16.14)

90 (NR)

28.69 (NR) a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

16 years

Accel

1

23.33 (13.37)

90 (NR)

25.93 (NR) a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

17 years

Accel

1

22.35 (14.39)

90 (NR)

24.83 (NR) a

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Hannon et al. 2005 [21]

Boys

Ped

NR

87.1 (10.6) steps/min

~20 (NR)

~50% (NR)

NR

88.8 (9.5) steps/min

~20 (NR)

>50% (NR)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Girls

NR

66.2 (6.3) steps/min

~20 (NR)

<50% (NR)

NR

57.9 (8.6) steps/min

~20 (NR)

<50% (NR)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

How et al. 2013 [33]

Total

Accel

32

~8.4 (NR)

~40 (NR)

21.12 (6.22)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Boys

Accel

16

~9.3 (NR)

~40 (NR)

23.15 (5.68)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Girls

Accel

16

~7.6 (NR)

~40 (NR)

19.11 (6.12)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Kremer et al. 2012 [41]

Accel

26

~10.29 (NR)

~35 (NR)

29.4 (24.0)

25

~9.94 (NR)

~35 (NR)

28.4 (25.3)

23

~9.56 (NR)

~35 (NR)

27.3 (26.2)

–

–

–

–

Lonsdale et al. 2013 [28, 54]

Base

Accel

16

7.25 ± NR

20 ± NR@

36.25 ± 9.54

16

8.14 ± NR

20 ± NR@

40.70 ± 9.47

16

7.03 ± NR

20 ± NR@

35.15 ± 9.46

16

7.58 ± NR

20 ± NR@

37.88 ± 9.46

F/U

16

7.29 ± NR

20 ± NR@

36.47 ± 9.54

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Owen et al. 2013 [44]

Accel

1

20.39 (14.10)

60 (NR)

33.99 (11.95)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Sanders et al. 2014 [25]

Accel

12

NR

NR

36.0 (12.3)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Scruggs et al. 2010a [46]

Overall

SOFIT & Ped

16

15.88 (8.27)

54.89 (10.19)

29.27 (13.60)

16

26.50 (13.40)

54.89 (10.19)

46.96 (18.26)

16

15.17 (7.99)

54.89 (10.19)

30.51 (14.82)

–

–

–

–

Boys

16

18.02 (7.84)

54.89 (10.19)

35.15 (13.86)

16

29.71 (12.50)

54.89 (10.19)

54.25 (16.33)

16

12.33 (7.79)

54.89 (10.19)

37.10 (14.36)

–

–

–

–

Girls

14.22 (8.25)

54.89 (10.19)

24.72 (11.55)

24.19 (13.62)

54.89 (10.19)

41.70 (17.83)

18.10 (7.14)

54.89 (10.19)

24.12 (12.31)

–

–

–

–

Traditional

9

10.51 (5.77)

36.72 (4.42)

29.59 (17.33)

9

16.80 (8.57)

36.72 (4.42)

44.92 (23.18)

9

10.73 (5.64)

36.72 (4.42)

31.26 (18.02)

–

–

–

–

Block

7

22.12 (6.07)

76.19 (4.17)

28.90 (7.24)

7

37.57 (8.38)

76.19 (4.17)

49.30 (9.70)

7

22.44 (5.57)

76.19 (4.17)

29.28 (6.92)

–

–

–

–

Scruggs et al. 2010b [47]

Overall

Ped

40

17.59 (9.97)

49.69 (19.77)

35.88 (15.83)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Boys

40

21.29 (13.99)

NR

43.01 (13.99)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Girls

40

13.96 (8.64)

NR

28.88 (14.38)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Traditional

30

13.34 (6.56)

36.88 (4.07)

36.63 (17.53)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Block

10

27.17 (10.03)

78.56 (5.08)

34.20 (11.03)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

9th–10th grade

26

21.91 (11.61)

NR

39.24 (13.95)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

11th–12th grade

27

13.87 (6.28)

NR

32.99 (16.82)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Surapidoonchai et al. 2012 [43]

Middle school

SAM

3

NR

NR

50.0 (30.8)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

High school

2

NR

NR

36.5 (46.0)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Vidoni et al. 2012 [31]

HR

4

NR

~35 (NR)

43.1 (19.17)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Wang et al. 2005 [22]

Total

HR

7

27.9 (23.9)

61.2 (NR)

~45.6 (NR)

14

6.7 (4.0)

29.5 (NR)

~22.7 (NR)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Boys

7

29.7 (23.7)

61.2 (NR)

~48.5 (NR)

7

8.3 (4.6)

29.5 (NR)

~28.1 (NR)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Girls

7

26.1 (25.8)

61.2 (NR)

~42.6 (NR)

7

5.0 (2.6)

29.5 (NR)

~16.9 (NR)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Young et al. 2006 [35]

Girls only

SOFIT b

41

~13.7 (NR)

~45 (NR)

30.5 (NR)

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  1. mins minutes, obs observations, MVPA Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, SE standard error, standard deviation standard deviation, base baseline, F/U follow-up, NR not reported, HR heart rate monitoring, SOFIT System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time, Co-ed Co-educational; ~ estimated value calculated from the study results provided; @ only a proportion of the total PE lesson was observed
  2. aReported total and standard deviation not reported. Was not pooled into a meta-analysis as only one lesson observed
  3. bModified version of SOFIT
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

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