Intervention mechanism | Intervention medium |
Active transport (total walking, total cycling, walking or cycling for transport) |
Physical activity (total physical activity, moderate physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, recreational physical activity) | Visitation/use of settings | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adults | Children | All ages | Adults | Children | All ages | Adults | Children | All ages | ||
Active transport infrastructure | Bicycle boulevard/bike lane installation | ↓[62] | ~ [62] | ↑↑[58, 91] | ↑[93] | |||||
Multiple streetscape components for walking or cycling (including two or more of: crosswalk and sidewalk improvements, improved and covered bike parking, installation of traffic calming features (raised platforms, zebra crossings) and parking bays; creating safe places to walk) |
↑[92] ~ + [63] |
↑
++ [64] ↑[85] |
↑↑[90, 92] ↑ + [63] | ↑↑[92, 95] | ||||||
New greenways | ~[90]b | ↑[89] |
↑[98] ~ [60] | ↑[89] | ||||||
Traffic free bridges and boardwalks | ↑[56] | ↑[56] | ||||||||
Wayfinding and distance signage on community trails | ~ [61] | |||||||||
Parks and playgrounds | Installation of fitness equipment/playground equipment |
↑
+ [57] ~+ [63] | ↑ + ↑ + [57, 63] | |||||||
Multiple component park renovations (including two or more of: new equipment, walking track, fencing, landscaping, surfaces, lights) | ↑[90] | ~ +c [65] |
↑↑↑[86, 96, 97] ~ [88] | ↑↑↑[88, 96, 97] | ||||||
Removal of seating | ↑[94] | ~ [94] | ↓[94] | |||||||
Retrofiting existing green space into pocket parks | ↑[87] | ↑[87] | ||||||||
Temporary road closures and play equipment | ↑+ [66] | |||||||||
Walkability components | Access to/availability of public transit | ↑[71] | ↑[86] | |||||||
Destination accessibility | ↑↑[69, 71] | ↑[69] | ||||||||
Land-use mix | ↑[71] | |||||||||
Recreation facility density | ↑+ [59] | |||||||||
Residential density |
↑[70] ~ [71] | |||||||||
Street connectivity | ↑[71] | ↑[70] |