Table 2 Sample characteristics and features of areas for each of the four analytic samples

Individual-level characteristics

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Length of follow-up (years)

7.85 (1.05)

7.85 (1.05)

7.90 (1.03)

7.89 (1.03)

Age (years)

49.9 (15.2)

49.9 (15.2)

51.6 (16.3)

51.6 (16.2)

Sex (female) n (%)

1052 (55.1%)

1085 (55.2%)

830 (50.9%)

853 (51.0%)

Current smoker n (%)

335 (17.6%)

345 (17.6%)

288 (17.7%)

294 (17.6%)

Education (university graduate) n (%)

250 (13.1%)

254 (12.9%)

211 (12.9%)

213 (12.7%)

Marital status (married) n (%)

1227 (64.3%)

1260 (64.1%)

1031 (63.3%)

1060 (63.4%)

Not employed n (%)

816 (42.8%)

844 (42.9%)

748 (45.9%)

768 (45.9%)

Fruit intake (daily count of servings)

(n = 1587) 1.5 (1.0)

(n = 1638) 1.5 (1.0)

(n = 1337) 1.5 (1.0)

(n = 1375) 1.5 (1.0)

Vegetable intake (daily count of servings)

(n = 1583) 2.5 (1.4)

(n = 1633) 2.5 (1.4)

(n = 1332) 2.5 (1.4)

(n = 1370) 2.5 (1.4)

Drinks sugary drinks n (%)

(n = 1588) 923 (58.1%)

(n = 1639) 952 (58.1%)

(n = 1337) 730 (54.6%)

(n = 1375) 751 (54.6%)

HbA_1c

(n = 1904) 5.43 (0.45)

(n = 1962) 5.43 (0.45)

(n = 1610) 5.52 (0.66)

(n = 1653) 5.52 (0.67)

BMI (kg/m²)

27.57 (5.20)

27.59 (5.20)

25.27 (2.86)

25.28 (2.86)

Environmental features

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

1600 m buffer area (km²)

4.71 (2.40)

4.72 (2.41)

4.78 (2.41)

4.78 (2.42)

LDN: Overweight/obesity

62.85 (6.18)

–

62.65 (6.15)

–

 n _{(SAMSS participants)} per buffer

95.6 (31.5)

–

97.2 (31.7)

–

LDN: Insufficient fruit intake

–

53.79 (6.57)

–

53.36 (6.63)

 n _{(SAMSS participants)} per buffer

–

100.3 (33.6)

–

102.0 (33.6)

Area-level median household income (A$/week)

838.45 (131.64)

837.13 (134.52)

839.06 (130.29)

838.15 (132.57)