Table 2 Intervention details described by TIDieR components
Study | Item 1 and 2 TIDieR: Brief name and why (including theory) | Item 3–9 TIDieRa: What (materials and procedures), who provided, how, where, when & how much, tailoring | BCTs |
|---|---|---|---|
Very promising | |||
Olney et al. 2006 [31] TIDieR score: 8/12 (67%) | Brief name: Face to face structured exercise programme Why: It is known that supervised exercise programs improve PA in the short-term but long-term effectiveness has not been established Theory: None described | Materials: Heart rate monitor, Borg Scale Procedures: Structured group exercise programme incorporating warm up, aerobic exercises, strength training, cool down Who: Not described How: Face to face Where: Canada (North America), outpatient rehab centre When & How much: 10 weeks, 1.5 h sessions, 3 days/week. Mean time since stroke: > 12 months Tailoring: Tailored to each subject’s needs and adjusted weekly as indicated | Self-monitoring of outcome of behaviour, biofeedback, social support (unspecified), instruction on how to perform the behaviour, demonstration of the behaviour, behavioural practice/rehearsal, graded tasks, adding objects to the environment (n = 8) |
Quite promising | |||
Damush et al. 2011 [32] TIDieR score: 12/12 (100%) | Brief name: Telephone PA supported self-management Why: Most stroke or TIA survivors do not adequately control their stroke risk factors Theory: Social Cognitive Theory | Materials: None described Procedures: Discussions focussing on increasing self-efficacy were conducted Who: Nurse, assistant physician, and Master’s level social scientist How: By telephone Where: USA (North America), veteran outpatient clinics When & how much: 12 weeks, 6 bi-weekly sessions. Time since stroke: Participants were recruited < 1 month post stroke and started the intervention on discharge. Exact time post stroke was not described. Tailoring: Personalised to levels of self-efficacy | Goal setting (behaviour), problem solving, action planning, review behaviour goal, feedback on behaviour, social support (unspecified), information about health consequences, information about social and environmental consequences, information about emotional consequences, graded tasks, credible source (n = 11) |
Ludwig et al. 2016 [33] TIDieR score: 9/12 (75%) | Brief name: Face to face PA supported self-management Why: Accomplishment planning aids long-term orthopaedic rehabilitation but its applicability to neurological patients is unknown Theory: Health Action Process Approach | Materials: Written standardised manual Procedures: Participants completed a group training programme based on five volitional and motivational strategies: positive gain; planning of training dates; if then plans; anticipation and overcoming obstacles. These were applied to promote the uptake of walking in everyday life. Who: Not described How: Face to face in groups of 2–5 Where: Germany (Europe) When & how much: 1 session, 80–90 min. Mean time since stroke: > 12 months Tailoring: Action plan tailored to participants | Goal setting (behaviour), problem solving, action planning, self-monitoring of behaviour, social support (unspecified) (n = 5) |
Morén et al. 2016 [34] TIDieR score: 9/12 (75%) | Brief name: Face to face PA supported self-management Why: Physical activity Prescription (PaP) has been found to benefit health conditions including metabolic syndrome, which is a risk factor for TIA Theory: None described | Materials: Oral and written information on stroke and physical inactivity risk factors, accelerometer Procedures: PaP was delivered to participants in the intervention group one week after discharge Who provided: Physical therapist How: Face to face and self-management Where: Sweden (Europe) When & how much: 1 session, 2 weeks after discharge. Time since stroke: not described Tailoring: PaP was based on evidence including: reason for PaP, assessment of current PA level, participant’s own goal, and 1–2 prescribed activities | Goal setting (behaviour), action planning, feedback on behaviour, instruction on how to perform the behaviour, behavioural practice/rehearsal, credible source (n = 6) |
Severinsen et al. 2014 [35] TIDieR score: 10/12 (83%) | Brief name: Face to face structured exercise programme Why: It is unclear whether aerobic and resistance training directly impact ambulation and if changes are maintained in the long-term Theory: None described | Materials: Cycle ergometer, resistance training machine, digital timing devices, isometric dynamometer, online respiratory gas exchange analyser, heart rate monitor Procedures: Participants performed supervised group exercises at training facilities Who provided: Physiotherapist How: Face to face Where: Denmark (Europe), stroke research centre When & how much: 12 weeks, 3 times/week, 5 min warm up, 1 h training. Time since stroke: 6–36 months Tailoring: Tailored to heart rate and one-repetition maximum | Biofeedback, instruction on how to perform the behaviour, demonstration of the behaviour, behavioural practice/rehearsal (n = 4) |
Wan et al. 2016 [36] TIDieR score: 9.5/12 (79%) | Brief name: Telephone PA supported self-management Why: Many stroke patients do not follow health behaviour guidelines, especially in the long-term. Goal setting and telephone follow-up are effective in other areas but have not been investigated in relation to stroke Theory: None described | Materials: Educational stroke brochures (IG & CG) Procedures: Goal-setting follow-up program delivered by telephone Who provided: Nurse How: By telephone Where: China (Asia), community based When & how much: 3 months, 3 telephone calls at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after discharge, each lasting 15–20 min. Time since stroke: not described Tailoring: Patients were involved in the goal setting and action planning process | Goal setting (behaviour), action planning, social support (unspecified), instruction on how to perform the behaviour, information about health consequences, information about social and environmental consequences, credible source (n = 7) |
Non-promising | |||
Katz-Leurer et al. 2003 [37] TIDieR score: 9/12 (75%) | Brief name: Face to face structured exercise programme Why: To determine the influence of an early exercise programme on functional capacity and long-term activity participation Theory: None described | Materials: Leg cycle ergometer, heart rate monitor Procedures: In addition to usual care, patients trained on a leg cycle ergometer Who provided: Physiotherapist How: Face to face Where: Israel (Asia), inpatient rehab department When & how much: 8 weeks; Weeks 1 & 2: 5 times/week, 10 mins/day increasing to 20; Weeks 3–8: 3 times/week, 30 mins/day, 60%/heart rate reserve. Time since stroke: < 1 month Tailoring: Tailored to each individual based on initial bike stress test | Action Planning, monitoring of others without feedback, instruction on how to perform the behaviour, demonstration of the behaviour, behavioural practice/rehearsal, graded tasks (n = 6) |
Mudge et al. 2009 [38] TIDieR score: 10/12 (83%) | Brief description: Face to face structured exercise programme Why: To determine whether gains in function resulting from an exercise based programme translate to home or community environment PA Theory: None described | Materials: None described Procedures: Participants took part in group exercise sessionsWho provided: not adequately described How: Face to face Where: New Zealand (Australasia), outpatient clinics When & how much: 4 weeks, 3 times/week, 50–60 min sessions with 30 mins of exercise. Time since stroke: > 6 months Tailoring: Sessions graded to each participant’s ability and progressed as tolerated | Social support (unspecified), instruction on how to perform the behaviour, demonstration of the behaviour, behavioural practice/rehearsal, graded tasks (n = 5) |
Sit et al....... 2007 [39] TIDieR score: 9.5/12 (79%) | Brief description: Face to face PA supported self-management Why: Not described Theory: None described | Materials: Personal log sheets, pedometer Procedures: Educational group sessions were held using teaching, games, experience sharing and experimental learning methods Who provided: Nurse How: Face to face and self-management Where: China (Asia), outpatient community When & how much: 8 weeks, 1 session/week, 2 h each, in groups of 10–12. Time since stroke not described Tailoring: The programme focused on individual goal setting and action plans | Problem solving, self-monitoring of behaviour, social support (unspecified), instruction on how to perform the behaviour, demonstration of the behaviour, behavioural practice/rehearsal, adding objects to the environment (n = 7) |