Tracking of fruit, vegetables and unhealthy snacks consumption from childhood to adulthood (15 year period): does exposure to a free school fruit programme modify the observed tracking?

Hovdenak, Ingrid Marie; Stea, Tonje Holte; Twisk, Jos; te Velde, Saskia Jacqueline; Klepp, Knut-Inge; Bere, Elling

doi:10.1186/s12966-019-0783-8

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 1 Description of the sample at all timepoints by intervention and control

From: Tracking of fruit, vegetables and unhealthy snacks consumption from childhood to adulthood (15 year period): does exposure to a free school fruit programme modify the observed tracking?

	Baseline (2001)			Follow-up 1 (2002)			Follow-up 2 (2003)*
	Intervention	Control		Intervention	Control		Intervention	Control
			p-value			p-value			p-value
N	585	1365		532	1262		293	625
Gender (% female)	49	50	0.488	49	50	0.517	46	51	0.102
Parental education (% high)	48	39	< 0.001	48	39	0.001	46	40	0.115
	Mean ± SD	Mean SD		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Fruit (portions/day)	1.3 ± 1.5	1.5 ± 1.9	0.009	1.7 ± 1.6	1.2 ± 1.5	< 0.001	1.4 ± 1.4	1.2 ± 1.4	0.005
Fruit (times/week)	7.3 ± 4.4	7.6 ± 4.4	0.298	7.7 ± 4.1	7.2 ± 4.4	0.051	7.6 ± 4.2	7.4 ± 4.2	0.700
Vegetable (portions/day)	0.8 ± 1.1	0.9 ± 1.3	0.287	0.6 ± 1.0	0.6 ± 1.0	0.451	0.6 ± .09	0.6 ± 0.9	0.860
Vegetable (times/week)	6.5 ± 3.9	6.6 ± 3.8	0.763	7.1 ± 3.8	6.3 ± 3.9	< 0.001	6.6 ± 3.5	6.4 ± 3.6	0.280
Unhealthy Snacks (times/week)	6.5 ± 4.1	7.2 ± 7.7	0.001	6.3 ± 4.4	7.4 ± 5.1	< 0.001	6.0 ± 3.9	7.1 ± 5.0	< 0.001
	Follow-up 3 (2005)			Follow-up 4 (2009)			Follow-up 5 (2016)
	Intervention	Control		Intervention	Control		Intervention	control
			p-value			p-value			p-value
N	500	1101		112	208		297	685
Gender (% female)	48	52	0.200	59	64	0.355	54	55	0.917
Parental education (% high)	48	40	0.004	53	46	0.229	54	48	0.141
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Fruit (portions/day)	1.2 ± 1.4	1.2 ± 1.6	0.820	1.2 ± 1.4	1.0 ± 1.3	0.245	1.3 ± 1.3	1.2 ± 1.3	0.858
Fruit (times/week)	7.5 ± 4.3	7.0 ± 4.5	0.020	6.4 ± 4.3	6.0 ± 4.2	0.417	6.3 ± 3.6	6.3 ± 3.5	0.903
Vegetable (portions/day)	1.0 ± 1.3	0.9 ± 1.4	0.293	1.0 ± 1.1	1.0 ± 1.08	0.763	1.6 ± 1.4	1.5 ± 1.4	0.600
Vegetable (times/week)	6.9 ± 3.9	6.3 ± 3.7	< 0.001	6.6 ± 3.8	6.5 ± 3.9	0.825	7.8 ± 3.3	8.1 ± 3.4	0.301
Unhealthy snacks (times/week)	6.5 ± 5.2	7.2 ± 5.1	0.013	4.7 ± 3.4	5.4 ± 4.8	0.143	3.7 ± 2.6	4.1 ± 2.9	0.050

T-test for continuous variables. Chi square for categorical variables. *Follow-up 2 included only initially 6th graders (not 7th graders as they in May 2003 were in secondary elementary schools

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