Table 1 Participant characteristics. Baseline physical activity and physical activity measure for studies included in meta-analysis
Authors and country | N | Cancer type | On treatment | Mean age | % female | % white | % higher education | Mean number of comorbidities | Exclusion based on current activity levels | Baseline physical activity (MVPA mins/wk) intervention group | Measure of physical activity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Very promising – Significant between group difference |  |  | |||||||||
a Mutrie et al. 2012 [55] UK | 203 | Breast cancer | Yes | 51.6 | 100 | NR | NR | NR | Excluded those who ‘regularly exercised’ | 367 | Scottish physical activity questionnaire |
Pinto et al. 2008 [46] USA | 86 | Breast cancer | No | b53.1 | 100 | b95.5 | b81.5 | NR | Had to be relatively inactive < 20 mins vig or < twice a week of 30 mins moderate | 82 | 7 Day Physical activity recall |
Rogers et al. 2015 [57] USA | 222 | Breast | No | 54.4 | 100 | 83.8 | NR | 2.2 | Had to be relatively inactive < 30 mins vig or 60 mins mod PA | 178 | Actigraph |
Rogers et al. 2009 [37] Canada | 41 | Breast | NR | 53 | 100 | 93 | NR | NR | Excluded if > 150 min mod or > 60 mins vig | 96 | Actirgraph |
Belanger et al. 2014 [40] Canada | 212 | Breast, colorectal, other | Yes | 18-39 yrs | 60.8 | 85 | 67.5 | 28.3% > 1 | Meta-synthesis Included only those from sub-analysis with baseline PA ≤ 300 mins/wk. at baseline | 86 | Godin Leisure Time exercise questionnaire |
Pinto et al. 2015 [68] USA | 76 | Breast | Yes | 55.6 | 100 | 98.7 | 89.5 | NR | Had to be relatively inactive < 30 mins vig or < 90 mins mod PA | 32 | 7 Day Physical activity recall |
Pinto et al. 2013 [56] USA | 192 | Breast | No | b56 | 100 | b94 | b76 | NR | Must be relatively inactive (< 30 mins vig or < 90 mins mod/wk) | 49 | 7 Day Physical activity recall |
Dhillon et al. 2017 [69] Australia | 112 | Lung | Yes | Median 64 | 45 | NR | NR | NR | Â | Â | Â |
Baumann et al. 2017 [70] Germany | 194 | Breast | No | b56 | b100 | NR | NR | NR | Â | Â | Â |
Hawkes et al. 2013 [39] Australia | 410 | Colorectal | Yes | b66.3 | b46.1 | NR | NR | b91% ≥ 1 | Had to include 1 poor health behaviour (< 150 mins MVPA/wk., < 2 servings of fruit or < 5 servings of veg, or overweight, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 59 | Godin Leisure Time exercise questionnaire |
Kanera et al., 2017 [54] Netherlands | 462 | Various (70% breast) | No | b55.9 | b79.9 | NR | 31 | 0.35 | Â | Â | Â |
Witlox et al., 2018 [48] Netherlands | 237 | Breast and colon | Yes | 50.8 | 91.1 | NR | 42 | NR | No exclusions | 879 | SQUASH |
Quite promising - Significant within-group difference baseline to post-intervention follow up | Â | ||||||||||
Demark-Wahnefried et al. 2012 [38] USA | 641 | Breast, prostate and colorectal | No | b73 | b55.3 | b90 | b61.9 | NR | Baseline physical activity must be < 150 mins MVPA/wk | 33.3 | CHAMPS |
Ottenbacher et al. 2012 [44] USA | 400 | Breast and Prostate | No | b57.6 | 59.5 | 85.5 | 89 | 2.15 | Analysis of N = 400 in larger study were reported < 150 mins MVPA/wk | 24 | 7 Day Physical activity recall |
Vallance et al. 2007 [52] Canada | 377 | Breast | No | 58 | 100 | NR | NR | NR | No exclusions | 119 | Godin Leisure Time exercise questionnaire |
Pinto et al. 2013 [45] USA | 46 | Colorectal | No | b57.6 | b57 | b98 | b76.5 | NR | Had to be relatively inactive < 60 mins of mod or < 20 mins vigorous | 38 | 7-Day Physical activity recall |
Leclerc et al. 2018 [71] Belgium | 209 | Breast | No | b53.4 | 100 | NR | NR | NR | Â | Â | Â |
Mayer et al. 2018 [72] USA | 284 | Colon | No | b58.6 | b52 | b89 | b57 | NR | Â | Â | Â |
Lee et al. 2018 [50] Hong Kong | 223 | Colorectal | N | b65.2 | b36.8 | NR | b87.5 | – | Unclear | 498 | Actigraph |
Adams et al. 2018 [42] Canada | 63 | Testicular | N | 43.7 | 0 | 90.5 | NR | NR | excluded if performed ‘regular vigorous physical activity | 125 | Godin Leisure Time exercise questionnaire |
Stolley et al. 2017 [73] USA | 246 | Breast | N | 57.5 | 100 | 0 | 76 | NR | Â | Â | Â |
Not promising - No between or within group differences | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ||||||
Galvo et al. 2017 [53] Australia | 463 | prostate | Yes | 64.4 | – | NP | 62 | NR | No exclusion based on PA | 126 | Godin Leisure Time exercise questionnaire |
Nyrop et al. 2017 [41] USA | 62 | Breast | No | 63.8 | 100 | 74 | 77 | NR | Â | Â | Â |
Carmack et al. 2006 [51] USA | 134 | Prostate | Yes | 69.2 | – | 73 | 79 | 65.7% ≥ 2 |  |  |  |
James et al. 2015 [43] Australia c | 108 | Mixed | N | – | – | – | – | – | No exclusions | 84 | Active Australia survey |
O’Neill et al. 2018 [49] Ireland | 43 | Esophagogastric | N | b65.7 | b19 | NR | NR | NR | No exclusions | 132 | Actigraph |
Sandler et al. 2017 [47] Australia | 46 | Breast and colon | N | b51.2 | b93.6 | NR | NR | NR | No exclusions | 30 | IPAQ |