Table 1 List of outcomes included and not included in vote-counting and meta-analysis
Analysis | Active/inactive control group | Physical functioning outcomes | HRQoL outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|
Vote counting analysis | Yoga vs inactive controls | Body composition measures (body mass index (BMI), body weight, body fat percentage, waist circumference), cardio-respiratory fitness, strength (lower and upper limb strength, hand grip strength), flexibility (lower and upper body flexibility, range of motion (ROM)), mobility, walking speed, balance, fall frequency | Anxiety, depression, perceived physical health, perceived mental health, general health and wellbeing (subscale from SF-12 and SF-36), vitality, quality of life, social health, sleep quality, stress, fear of falls, balance confidence |
Yoga vs active controls | Strength (lower and upper limb strength), flexibility (lower and upper body flexibility), mobility, walking speed, balance, fall frequency | Anxiety, depression, perceived physical health, perceived mental health, vitality, stress | |
Meta-analysis | Yoga vs inactive controls | Body composition (BMI, body weight and body fat percentage), balance, lower body flexibility, upper body flexibility, walking speed, lower limb strength | Depression, fear of falls, perceived mental health, perceived physical health, sleep quality, social health, vitality |
Yoga vs active controls | Balance, lower body flexibility, lower limb strength, mobility, walking speed | Anxiety, depression, perceived mental health | |
Not included in vote-counting or meta-analysis (measured by just one study) | Yoga vs inactive controls | Anger [63], self-control [63], fatigue [64], motivational factors to exercise [55], pain [71], mood [64], hope [65], medication usage [66], capacity for self-care [66], self-efficacy (general, and for chronic disease) [63] | |
Yoga vs active controls | Cardio-respiratory fitness [72] | Anger [63], self-control [63], fatigue [64], motivational factors to exercise [55], pain [71], mood [64], social health [64], general health and well-being [64], quality of life [71], balance confidence [67], fear of falls [67], self-efficacy (general, and for chronic disease) [63] |